{"id":21124,"date":"2016-05-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-05-03T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/repairing-victims-lessons-learned-from-a-study-on-return\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T09:39:45","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T14:39:45","slug":"repairing-victims-lessons-learned-from-a-study-on-return","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/repairing-victims-lessons-learned-from-a-study-on-return\/","title":{"rendered":"Repairing Victims: Lessons Learned from a Study on Return"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

En d\u00edas recientes sali\u00f3 publicado un estudio de la Universidad Nacional titulado Retos de la integraci\u00f3n en comunidades retornadas. An\u00e1lisis del caso de Las Palmas, Bol\u00edvar. Aunque el objetivo del estudio es proponer una herramienta que permita hacer seguimiento y medir las necesidades de comunidades retornadas en t\u00e9rminos de capital social (confianza, cooperaci\u00f3n y normas sociales), nos concentraremos en las cifras sobre desigualdad y el posible impacto de estas  en un proceso de reparaci\u00f3n transformadora.<\/p>\n

 El estudio es de una riqueza impresionante dado que \u2013a trav\u00e9s de una articulaci\u00f3n entre m\u00faltiples metodolog\u00edas, incluyendo una parte experimental- compara a dos grupos poblacionales: los desplazados que decidieron retornar a Las Palmas en el a\u00f1o 2014 con acompa\u00f1amiento de la Unidad de V\u00edctimas; y la poblaci\u00f3n vulnerable (desplazados y\/o resistentes con limitado acceso a servicios b\u00e1sicos)  de San Jacinto, es decir, vecinos de los palmeros que no han pasado por un proceso de retorno.<\/p>\n

Entre muchos aspectos del estudio, vale la pena resaltar los resultados de desigualdad de ingresos y gastos que tiene cada uno de los grupos. De acuerdo con los investigadores, en Las Palmas, quienes m\u00e1s ingresos registran, superan hasta 7.4 veces al 10% m\u00e1s pobre.<\/p>\n

Mientras que, en San Jacinto, los hogares que m\u00e1s ingresos tienen pueden recibir hasta 6.9 veces m\u00e1s de lo que gana el 10% m\u00e1s pobre.  Para reforzar estos datos, el estudio calcula un \u00edndice de Gini sobre el gasto de las familias que da cuenta de qu\u00e9 tan equitativo o inequitativo es dicho gasto. Este \u00edndice, que se calcula entre 0 y 1, donde 0 es una distribuci\u00f3n muy equitativa y 1 es la concentraci\u00f3n absoluta, muestra que en Las Palmas la desigualdad es de 0.55, mientras que en San Jacinto es de 0.44. Aunque parezcan cortas, las distancias en el \u00edndice de Gini son muy sensibles dada su escala. Solo para efectos de ilustrar la brecha \u2013porque los \u00edndices nacionales incorporan poblaci\u00f3n rural y urbana, y miden ingresos- la distancia en desigualdad entre Las Palmas y San Jacinto, es la misma distancia que hay entre pa\u00edses como Colombia y Honduras (muy desiguales), respecto de pa\u00edses como Uruguay y Argentina (poco desiguales).<\/p>\n

Esto no quiere decir que en San Jacinto haya m\u00e1s riqueza que en las Palmas, de hecho podr\u00eda ser al contrario, pero el \u00edndice muestra que lo poco o mucho que hay, est\u00e1 distribuido de forma m\u00e1s equitativa entre los vulnerables que entre los retornados. Frente a estos datos, uno podr\u00eda intuir que la intervenci\u00f3n estatal en el retorno ha incentivado la desigualdad entre la poblaci\u00f3n, lo cual ser\u00eda un efecto no solo contrario, sino, eventualmente perjudicial para los fines de la reparaci\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos de consolidaci\u00f3n de la paz y la superaci\u00f3n de brechas econ\u00f3micas y sociales que han hecho parte de las causas del conflicto.<\/p>\n

No obstante, de acuerdo con Francesco Bogliacino, uno de los investigadores del estudio, lo m\u00e1s probable es que estas brechas de desigualdad se deban a la econom\u00eda informal que representa la fuente principal de ingreso tanto para las familias de Las Palmas como para las de San Jacinto.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In recent days the National Univesity published a study titled “Challenges to the Integration of Returned Communities: Analysis of the Case of Las Palmas, Bol\u00edvar”. Although the study aimed to propose a tool that would allow monitoring and measurement of returned communities’ needs in terms of social capital, we will focus on the figures detailing inequality and the possible impact of these on the process of transformative reparations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1773,1611,6465],"tags":[2314,1857],"class_list":["post-21124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internationalization","category-transitional-justice","category-noticias-internacional-en","tag-desigualdad","tag-desplazados","subcategory-constitutional-transitions","subcategory-escr","subcategory-internationalization","subcategory-victims-rights","post-scope-aaa-not-blog","post-scope-both-international-national"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRepairing Victims: Lessons Learned from a Study on Return - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/repairing-victims-lessons-learned-from-a-study-on-return\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Repairing Victims: Lessons Learned from a Study on Return\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In recent days the National Univesity published a study titled "Challenges to the Integration of Returned Communities: Analysis of the Case of Las Palmas, Bol\u00edvar". 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