{"id":25451,"date":"2005-11-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-11-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/return-to-the-past\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:19:04","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:19:04","slug":"return-to-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Return to the Past"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El 26 de Agosto de 1789, hace m\u00e1s de dos siglos, la Declaraci\u00f3n de los Derechos del Hombre y del Ciudadano, promulgada en Francia, prohibi\u00f3 la discriminaci\u00f3n fundada en el origen social y estableci\u00f3 la igualdad entre todos los seres humanos. Desde entonces, ha habido en Francia avances econ\u00f3micos extraordinarios que han reducido la brecha entre las clases sociales. Se cree por eso que la discriminaci\u00f3n por razones de clase social es asunto del pasado, del Antiguo R\u00e9gimen, y que si algo de ello persiste hoy d\u00eda es un reducto cultural en el que la identidad -por ejemplo de las estudiantes musulmanas que portan el velo en los colegios- no es plenamente reconocida. La discriminaci\u00f3n cultural en Francia ser\u00eda algo as\u00ed como el \u00faltimo escollo que le queda por superar a una sociedad que no ha hecho sino avanzar hacia la igualdad, seg\u00fan lo presagiaba Tocqueville.<\/p>\n<p>Las dos semanas de violencia que ha vivido Francia muestran que nada de esto es cierto y que la discriminaci\u00f3n por razones de clase social no es un fen\u00f3meno del Antiguo R\u00e9gimen, sino del presente. Un presente gobernado por un ego\u00edsmo casi salvaje, ante el cual incluso los viejos y dignos Estados europeos han tenido que ceder, y debilitar, cuando no desmontar, las pol\u00edticas sociales, y abandonar, cuando no expulsar, a quienes no se integran a los c\u00edrculos econ\u00f3micos.  <\/p>\n<p>Se calcula que en el Par\u00eds metropolitano (I&#8217;\u00cele-de-France), que es la regi\u00f3n m\u00e1s rica de Francia y una de las m\u00e1s ricas de Europa, uno de cada 10 habitantes vive por debajo de la l\u00ednea de pobreza. <\/p>\n<p>La escuela p\u00fablica y el mercado, que hab\u00edan sido los dos mecanismos esenciales de integraci\u00f3n social, han fracasado en estos suburbios. La primera por la mala calidad que all\u00ed tienen los colegios p\u00fablicos, y el segundo porque los inmigrantes son discriminados en el momento de buscar trabajo. <\/p>\n<p>Los revoltosos de los suburbios son en su mayor\u00eda j\u00f3venes, hijos de inmigrantes de las ex colonias francesas, que no encuentran trabajo, ni reconocimiento ciudadano. Viven en ghettos en donde reinan la miseria y la marginalidad social. \u00bfProtestan como musulmanes o como pobres? Como ambas cosas, sin duda. La discriminaci\u00f3n que sufren es mucho m\u00e1s que cultural, es econ\u00f3mica y cultural al mismo tiempo. <\/p>\n<p>La cultura no es el agregado amable y campechano de las relaciones sociales. La cultura es un arma poderosa de diferenciaci\u00f3n social y econ\u00f3mica. Los pobres no se visten como se visten, no hablan como hablan, no tienen los gustos que tienen, etc., s\u00f3lo porque son pobres, sino que, adem\u00e1s, son pobres porque hablan como hablan, se visten como se visten, etc. <\/p>\n<p>Las causas por las cuales se discrimina a alguien -sexo, raza, clase, religi\u00f3n- suelen venir juntas: los \u00e1rabes de Francia suelen ser musulmanes, pobres y en la mitad de los casos, mujeres. No es una coincidencia que en ellos se concentren todos estos rasgos. Y justamente porque no es una coincidencia, los debates sobre la discriminaci\u00f3n cultural en Francia -el del porte del velo, por ejemplo- son en buena medida falsos debates que esconden las conexiones estructurales entre las diferentes causas de la discriminaci\u00f3n. Por eso es que es tan dif\u00edcil salir de una situaci\u00f3n de exclusi\u00f3n. Porque la discriminaci\u00f3n en un aspecto refuerza la del otro, y viceversa.<\/p>\n<p>Esta es la segunda vez, en menos de seis meses, que se encienden las alarmas de la sociedad francesa contra la pol\u00edtica econ\u00f3mica y el desmonte del Estado social en Francia. La primera tuvo lugar en mayo pasado, durante la votaci\u00f3n del referendo a la Constituci\u00f3n europea. En medio del desastre que significan ambas alarmas, ellas pueden servir quiz\u00e1 para despertar la conciencia humanitaria francesa, la misma que inspir\u00f3 la Declaraci\u00f3n de los Derechos del Hombre de 1789, y la misma que podr\u00eda defendernos de este regreso al pasado -con todos los peligros del presente- en el que nos han embarcado las elites pol\u00edticas y econ\u00f3micas dominantes del mundo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The two weeks of violence that France has experienced shows that discrimination by social class is not a phenomenon of the Old Regime, but of the present.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Return to the Past - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Return to the Past\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The two weeks of violence that France has experienced shows that discrimination by social class is not a phenomenon of the Old Regime, but of the present.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"Return to the Past\",\"datePublished\":\"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\"},\"wordCount\":704,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2005\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\",\"name\":\"Return to the Past - Dejusticia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Return to the Past\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"description\":\"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":[\"NGO\",\"ResearchOrganization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Dejusticia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"Anti-Discrimination\",\"Rule of Law\",\"Environmental Justice\",\"Economic Justice\",\"Transitional Justice\",\"Drug Policy\",\"Judicial System\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\",\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Return to the Past - Dejusticia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Return to the Past","og_description":"The two weeks of violence that France has experienced shows that discrimination by social class is not a phenomenon of the Old Regime, but of the present.","og_url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/","og_site_name":"Dejusticia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","article_published_time":"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00","author":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@dejusticia","twitter_site":"@dejusticia","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/"},"author":{"name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6"},"headline":"Return to the Past","datePublished":"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/"},"wordCount":704,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en","copyrightYear":"2005","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/","name":"Return to the Past - Dejusticia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2005-11-18T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:19:04+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/return-to-the-past\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Return to the Past"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","name":"Dejusticia","description":"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":["NGO","ResearchOrganization"],"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization","name":"Dejusticia","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Dejusticia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed"],"knowsAbout":["Anti-Discrimination","Rule of Law","Environmental Justice","Economic Justice","Transitional Justice","Drug Policy","Judicial System"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6","name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas"},"url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/"}]}},"views":163,"translations":[{"en":{"translation_id":"9019","language_code":"en","element_id":"25451","source_language_code":"es","element_type":"post_post","original":"0","post_title":"Return to the Past","post_status":"publish"},"es":{"translation_id":"9018","language_code":"es","element_id":"25450","source_language_code":null,"element_type":"post_post","original":"1","post_title":"Regreso al pasado","post_status":"publish"}}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25451"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25451\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}