{"id":25507,"date":"2006-04-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-04-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/peace-without-state\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:19:38","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:19:38","slug":"peace-without-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Peace without State"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El Gobierno y los defensores del proceso de paz con los paramilitares reconocen que todav\u00eda hay dificultades, que no siempre los paramilitares entregan las armas, que algunos de los que las entregan no son ?paras?, que se trata de un proceso largo y doloroso para el pa\u00eds, y que la Ley de Justicia y Paz lograr\u00e1 algo de justicia y una parte muy reducida de reparaci\u00f3n. Pero que todo esto se justifica por la paz.<\/p>\n<p>El argumento que tienen es este: es mejor, dicen, tener a 30 mil delincuentes desarmados y conversando que echando bala en el monte. Y la prueba para demostrarlo es esta: basta con ver la reducci\u00f3n de los \u00edndices de criminalidad. Con todo respeto, tengo dudas sobre este argumento y sobre esta prueba.<\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, no estoy tan seguro de que sea mejor tenerlos sin armas y negociando que en el monte echando bala. Me explico: el Estado tiene tres opciones posibles frente a los paramilitares. La primera, que nunca ha sido adoptada, consiste en combatirlos en todo momento y lugar, tal como la Constituci\u00f3n y la ley lo mandan. La segunda, que es la opci\u00f3n pre-Uribe, radica en combatirlos ocasional y estrat\u00e9gicamente ?seg\u00fan las necesidades de la guerra contra las guerrillas? y en tolerarlos en el resto de los casos. La tercera posibilidad es la actual: negociar y desarmarlos pero sin afectar sus estructuras de poder.<\/p>\n<p>La situaci\u00f3n ideal es la combinaci\u00f3n de las opciones una y tres: el Estado los combate, los debilita y los pone en situaci\u00f3n de negociaci\u00f3n. Luego los desarma, somete y juzga. En Colombia, en cambio, tenemos una combinaci\u00f3n de las opciones dos y tres: cuando los paramilitares est\u00e1n en su posici\u00f3n de mayor fortaleza, el Estado negocia con ellos. Lo malo no es negociar, sino negociar cuando tienen su poder intacto.<\/p>\n<p>Los defensores del Gobierno, con buen juicio, estiman que Colombia necesita instituciones m\u00e1s fuertes; instituciones que sean capaces de proteger a los ciudadanos en sus derechos, empezando por la seguridad personal y por la propiedad. \u00bfContribuye el proceso de desmovilizaci\u00f3n con los ?paras? a este prop\u00f3sito? Lo dudo.<\/p>\n<p>Lo que estamos viendo con esta negociaci\u00f3n es una entronizaci\u00f3n de las estructuras mafiosas y paramilitares a lo largo y ancho del pa\u00eds ?el mal del DAS extendido por todas partes?, lo cual es justamente el rev\u00e9s del fortalecimiento institucional. Desde la independencia, el Estado ha sido demasiado d\u00e9bil para someter a las regiones. El enquistamiento mafioso de los ?paras? en las instituciones locales no hace sino agravar ese problema. Temo que ya no s\u00f3lo tengamos gamonalismo y clientelismo, sino todo eso redoblado por pr\u00e1cticas mafiosas.<\/p>\n<p>La segunda parte del argumento del Gobierno es la prueba: ah\u00ed est\u00e1n las cifras de reducci\u00f3n de la criminalidad. No dudo de esas cifras, pero s\u00ed de las causas que las producen y sobre todo de sus efectos. Es posible que tengamos menos muertos, no por virtud del control estatal sino como consecuencia de la pacificaci\u00f3n impuesta por los jefes paramilitares. Concuerdo con quienes sostienen que estas situaciones son dif\u00edciles de valorar. \u00bfQu\u00e9 pensar, por ejemplo, cuando el n\u00famero de homicidios se reduce sustancialmente pero como consecuencia de un pacto perverso ?un pacto parad\u00f3jico como lo denomina Francisco Guti\u00e9rrez? entre el Estado y los grupos mafiosos?<\/p>\n<p>Con este Gobierno a m\u00ed me pasa algo parecido a lo que me pasa con la Iglesia y sus sacerdotes. Quisiera que tuvieran raz\u00f3n; que hubiese no s\u00f3lo un Dios bueno y generoso que recompensara a los buenos y castigara a los malos, sino tambi\u00e9n un futuro pr\u00f3ximo de paz y prosperidad para Colombia sin el lastre de la guerrilla y de los ?paras?. Sin embargo, me temo que no sea as\u00ed. En el caso de la Iglesia, me resigno. En el del Gobierno, en cambio, me alarmo. Si su proyecto de pacificaci\u00f3n fracasa, cu\u00e1ntas generaciones m\u00e1s necesitaremos para recuperar la dignidad del Estado?; dignidad sin la cual no hay paz posible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas supports that the process with the paramilitary is not as they show it to be.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-public-policies","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Peace without State - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peace without State\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas supports that the process with the paramilitary is not as they show it to be.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-04-18T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:19:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"Peace without State\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-04-18T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:19:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\"},\"wordCount\":696,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2006\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/peace-without-state\/\",\"name\":\"Peace without State - 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