{"id":25549,"date":"2006-07-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-07-25T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:20:05","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:20:05","slug":"the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/","title":{"rendered":"The hope for a system of effective international rules based on competence is trifling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En medio de profundas preocupaciones por el futuro econ\u00f3mico y pol\u00edtico del planeta, se reunieron la semana pasada los l\u00edderes del G8. Expidieron una declaraci\u00f3n en el t\u00edpico lenguaje bobalic\u00f3n de la diplomacia internacional de las grandes potencias. Pero detr\u00e1s de las palabras dulcificadas se nota una gran preocupaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Nunca antes la disociaci\u00f3n entre un presente pr\u00f3spero y un futuro sombr\u00edo ha sido tan evidente en los pa\u00edses ricos. El calentamiento del planeta, los elevados precios del petr\u00f3leo, el regreso de las guerras de religi\u00f3n, la amenaza terrorista y, en general, el ambiente de ingobernabilidad mundial son algunos de los problemas sin soluci\u00f3n a la vista. <\/p>\n<p>Ante tales dificultades, los del G8 solo se ponen de acuerdo para proponer cambios en los h\u00e1bitos de consumo energ\u00e9tico. Pero nadie dice nada sobre la causa real del problema, esto es, sobre el desorden internacional propiciado por una competencia econ\u00f3mica y militar salvaje. <\/p>\n<p>Los Estados est\u00e1n organizados de manera similar a como lo estaban los individuos en Europa antes de los Estados nacionales. <\/p>\n<p>Como hoy, la ley era la ley de los m\u00e1s fuertes. Desde luego, siempre ha habido voces disidentes. La de los defensores del gobierno justo ayer y la de los voceros del derecho internacional hoy. Pero en ambos casos es poco lo que han podido hacer contra la codicia de los poderosos. La gran diferencia estriba en que los fuertes de hoy, en su empe\u00f1o por dominar a los d\u00e9biles, no solo pueden hacerse da\u00f1o, sino autodestruirse. La competencia econ\u00f3mica actual, a diferencia de la competencia militar de antes, puede arruinar las condiciones que hacen posible la competencia misma. <\/p>\n<p>La esperanza en un sistema de reglas internacionales efectivas, es decir, en un Estado mundial que pacifique al mundo y civilice la competencia parece hoy exigua. <\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, porque es muy dif\u00edcil cambiar un sistema de relaciones sociales fundado en la competencia por otro fundado en la cooperaci\u00f3n. No solo es dif\u00edcil hacerlo por razones morales o de filantrop\u00eda, sino incluso por razones de inter\u00e9s propio. Que la soluci\u00f3n racional a un problema sea cooperar no significa que los actores sociales en efecto cooperen. Eso sucede, por ejemplo, con el tr\u00e1nsito. Como todos los automovilistas compiten por llegar primero sin sujetarse a las normas que imponen restricciones a la circulaci\u00f3n, todos terminan bstaculiz\u00e1ndose y llegando m\u00e1s tarde. Algo parecido ocurre con la competencia por los recursos naturales entre los Estados. <\/p>\n<p>En segundo lugar, el apego al Estado, unido al sentimiento nacionalista y patri\u00f3tico \u00bftras lo cual se esconden las emociones m\u00e1s rastreras\u00bf, impide que los gobernantes y los pueblos opten por el mejor tipo de organizaci\u00f3n internacional. <\/p>\n<p>Lo parad\u00f3jico es que los Estados fueron ideados entre los siglos XIV y XV como un sistema de reglas y de cooperaci\u00f3n para acabar con la competencia b\u00e9lica y salvaje entre las facciones religiosas y pol\u00edticas. <\/p>\n<p>Uno pensar\u00eda que, ante perspectivas tan adversas como las actuales, las pasiones patri\u00f3ticas podr\u00edan ser superadas en beneficio de un mundo organizado y viable. Pero no es as\u00ed: los<br \/>\nEstados no solo son ego\u00edstas frente a los dem\u00e1s Estados, sino frente a las generaciones futuras, incluidas las de sus propios pa\u00edses. Qu\u00e9 importa si todo se acaba en cien a\u00f1os con tal de que nosotros vivamos bien. <\/p>\n<p>Hoy como antes, los poderosos deber\u00edan ser capaces de sustituir el sistema de competencia por uno de cooperaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, mientras predomine el actual fundamentalismo conservador y la ideolog\u00eda econ\u00f3mica que identifica la competencia \u00bfdesigual\u00bf con la libertad, es poco probable que ello suceda, al menos sin la intermediaci\u00f3n de una cat\u00e1strofe ecol\u00f3gica o b\u00e9lica de orden planetario. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s evident that rich countries worry about the uncertain future.  Nevertheless, in spite of the dangers that exist for peace and survival, it is almost impossible that they are capable of changing a system based on the unequal competence for one of cooperation. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The hope for a system of effective international rules based on competence is trifling - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The hope for a system of effective international rules based on competence is trifling\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It\u2019s evident that rich countries worry about the uncertain future. Nevertheless, in spite of the dangers that exist for peace and survival, it is almost impossible that they are capable of changing a system based on the unequal competence for one of cooperation.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-07-25T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:20:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"The hope for a system of effective international rules based on competence is trifling\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-07-25T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:20:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\"},\"wordCount\":668,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2006\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-hope-for-a-system-of-effective-international-rules-based-on-competence-is-trifling\/\",\"name\":\"The hope for a system of effective international rules based on competence is trifling - 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