{"id":25595,"date":"2006-10-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-10-17T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/against-nationalism\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:20:43","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:20:43","slug":"against-nationalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/against-nationalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Against nationalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En el siglo XVI, Europa viv\u00eda en una situaci\u00f3n de zozobra e inseguridad debido a las guerras religiosas. Luego de mucha sangre derramada, las facciones en pugna optaron por entregar todo el poder al Rey y a su ej\u00e9rcito. Ese fue el origen de los estados nacionales.<\/p>\n<p>Despu\u00e9s de haber logrado pacificar la sociedad, los Estados consiguieron cosas a\u00fan m\u00e1s extraordinarias: democratizar el poder pol\u00edtico, separar a la Iglesia de los asuntos p\u00fablicos, proteger los derechos humanos, fomentar el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, imponer cierta justicia social&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Hoy, casi cuatro siglos despu\u00e9s, el sentimiento de inseguridad y zozobra renace en todo el mundo. Las guerras de religi\u00f3n, que parec\u00edan asunto superado cinco siglos atr\u00e1s, han regresado con fuerza diab\u00f3lica redoblada. El peligro de un desastre ecol\u00f3gico parece inevitable. La desigualdad entre pueblos ricos y pobres es cada vez mayor. Los muros destinados a separar poblaciones -que tambi\u00e9n cre\u00edamos superados- vuelven a construirse, con el apoyo de reg\u00edmenes democr\u00e1ticos.<\/p>\n<p>Incluso, principios b\u00e1sicos de la cultura pol\u00edtica occidental, conseguidos con dolor en las revoluciones del siglo XVIII, est\u00e1n hoy siendo revertidos. Los Estados poderosos se comportan como \u00e1ngeles en sus territorios y como bestias fuera de ellos. El mejor ejemplo es la propuesta del presidente Bush para legitimar la tortura como m\u00e9todo de lucha contra el terrorismo.<\/p>\n<p>Estamos lejos de encontrar una organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica mundial que integre a los Estados. Ser\u00eda m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil si el mundo estuviera amenazado por un poder militar gal\u00e1ctico. Pero el obst\u00e1culo mayor contra la superaci\u00f3n del orden actual es el nacionalismo. Ese apego sentimental que experimentamos por un pa\u00eds y que nos conduce a creer -como dir\u00eda George Bernard Shaw- que ese pa\u00eds es superior a los otros por el simple hecho de que nacimos en \u00e9l. La gente vive engolosinada con la seguridad simb\u00f3lica que le proporciona el pasaporte, as\u00ed haya sido expedido por una naci\u00f3n paria. La euforia nacionalista ten\u00eda quiz\u00e1s sentido cuando los Estados viv\u00edan en guerra permanente. Hoy, en un mundo globalizado y jerarquizado, el afecto por las naciones es ante todo un artificio comercial y pol\u00edtico. Lo cual no significa que el sentimiento que experimentan las personas no sea aut\u00e9ntico. Solo que no tiene fundamento, como en el caso del amor plat\u00f3nico.<\/p>\n<p>Vivimos en sociedades con una cultura y una econom\u00eda globalizadas pero nuestros sentimientos nacionalistas siguen siendo casi los mismos que inspiraron el tratado de Westfalia de 1648, cuando se ide\u00f3 el sistema interestatal actual. Seguimos viviendo en la tradici\u00f3n de las monarqu\u00edas soberanas del siglo XVI, dec\u00eda Norbert Elias al final de su vida. Nuestro mundo es internacionalizado y desarrollado en tecnolog\u00eda, pero parroquial y subdesarrollado en instituciones y sentimientos pol\u00edticos. Esta disparidad nos est\u00e1 conduciendo al colapso.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 tipo de organizaci\u00f3n necesitamos para superar la inseguridad actual? Nadie lo sabe, como no lo sab\u00edan quienes viv\u00edan en el siglo XVI en medio de las guerras de religi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Pero esa ignorancia no hace menos urgente la b\u00fasqueda de una organizaci\u00f3n mundial m\u00e1s acorde con la interdependencia actual del mundo. Una organizaci\u00f3n cosmopolita que supere la vieja noci\u00f3n de soberan\u00eda estatal -real para los poderosos y simb\u00f3lica para los dem\u00e1s- y que imponga un m\u00ednimo de cordura y democracia en el \u00e1mbito internacional. Sobre todo, una organizaci\u00f3n que logre arraigar la convicci\u00f3n de que los valores humanistas est\u00e1n por encima de los nacionalistas. O como dice Debra Satz, un mundo en el cual se reconozca que el valor moral de una persona no depende de las fronteras nacionales en las que vive.<\/p>\n<p>Qui\u00e9n iba a pensar que en pleno siglo XXI todav\u00eda \u00edbamos a estar a\u00f1orando los valores del siglo XVIII.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The author considers that to surpass insecurity it is necessary to change the current political organization to a cosmopolitan organization that surpasses the old notion of state sovereignty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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