{"id":25601,"date":"2006-10-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-10-31T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/dreaming-of-what-we-have\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:20:49","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:20:49","slug":"dreaming-of-what-we-have","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/dreaming-of-what-we-have\/","title":{"rendered":"Dreaming of what we have?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La naci\u00f3n so\u00f1ada, de Eduardo Posada Carb\u00f3, es un libro vehemente, franco y bien escrito. En \u00e9l se enjuicia a los intelectuales cr\u00edticos colombianos por haber desconocido los valores esenciales de nuestro sistema pol\u00edtico, por haber exagerado la importancia de la violencia en la historia nacional y por haber menospreciado nuestra cultura democr\u00e1tica. <\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Sobre las ruedas de ese clima intelectual deslegitimador -dice Posada Carb\u00f3- se abri\u00f3 camino la tragedia contempor\u00e1nea&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Es dif\u00edcil saber con precisi\u00f3n qui\u00e9nes son los intelectuales acusados. Yo diferenciar\u00eda cuatro tipos. <\/p>\n<p>Primero, aquellos que, fundados en el marxismo-leninismo, han justificado la violencia como parte de la acci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. En este caso, suscribo plenamente los reproches que hace Posada Carb\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Segundo, quienes rechazan la violencia como forma de lucha pol\u00edtica pero descreen de la democracia liberal y luchan por una verdadera revoluci\u00f3n democr\u00e1tica. Puedo estar de acuerdo con Posada Carb\u00f3 en que estos intelectuales suelen promover ese idealismo maximalista y paralizante que heredamos de la Revoluci\u00f3n Francesa.<\/p>\n<p>Tercero, aquellos que rechazan la violencia pero no creen que la crisis de este pa\u00eds tenga remedio. Estos hacen gala de una cierta irresponsabilidad c\u00ednica que puede resultar irritante. En eso me identifico con Posada Carb\u00f3. Sin embargo, tanto este intelectual como el anterior son importantes en una democracia y en todo caso yo no me atrever\u00eda a endilgarles parte de la responsabilidad en la crisis actual.<\/p>\n<p>Por \u00faltimo, est\u00e1n quienes critican el poder pol\u00edtico pero defienden la democracia y el derecho. Estos cumplen una labor no s\u00f3lo leg\u00edtima sino indispensable.<\/p>\n<p>El libro de Posada Carb\u00f3 no diferencia entre ellos. A veces parece como si todos hicieran parte del primer grupo. Por atacar a quienes ejercen el poder son vistos como si atacaran las instituciones.<\/p>\n<p>Creo que eso se debe a que este es un libro que milita en favor de quienes han tenido en sus manos las riendas del pa\u00eds. Si no lo han hecho mejor -parece decir- es porque los intelectuales cr\u00edticos se lo han impedido. No creo que esos cr\u00edticos -que siempre han sido marginales en la pol\u00edtica- tengan que asumir semejante responsabilidad. Menos a\u00fan que las \u00e9lites pol\u00edticas puedan, de esa manera, liberarse de la culpa que les corresponde.<\/p>\n<p>Pero lo que m\u00e1s me inquieta de La naci\u00f3n so\u00f1ada es la exaltaci\u00f3n de ese liberalismo partidista, formal y electorero que siempre han defendido los esp\u00edritus m\u00e1s conservadores del pa\u00eds. En Colombia hemos tenido m\u00e1s elecciones que democracia, m\u00e1s clientelas que gobernantes y m\u00e1s partidos que Estado. Las elecciones son un elemento ineludible de la democracia liberal. Pero no son el \u00fanico.<br \/>\nSe requiere algo m\u00e1s: un Estado que defienda la libertad de oportunidades, el inter\u00e9s general y la participaci\u00f3n democr\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p>El liberalismo es una palabra comod\u00edn que en Colombia se usa sin reparar en su significado. Aqu\u00ed se importan ideas liberales de manera f\u00e1cil e irresponsable. No es lo mismo, por ejemplo, defender la democracia simplemente electoral -o schumpeteriana- en Inglaterra, con un Estado fuerte y soberano, que en Colombia, con un Estado capturado por las camarillas pol\u00edticas.<\/p>\n<p>Por \u00faltimo, estoy de acuerdo en que las ideas liberales han tenido enemigos intelectuales por doquier, y que muchos de ellos han militado en la izquierda m\u00e1s radical. Sin embargo, no s\u00f3lo de all\u00ed han venido los enemigos -como sugiere Posada Carb\u00f3-, tambi\u00e9n han venido de una extrema derecha solapada y sin intelectuales que de tanto en tanto bloquea las salidas democr\u00e1ticas o extermina a sus opositores.<\/p>\n<p>Los intelectuales cr\u00edticos sue\u00f1an con un pa\u00eds distinto del que ya existe. Por eso, les queda dif\u00edcil aceptar la invitaci\u00f3n que hace Posada Carbo de so\u00f1ar con el que ya tenemos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article comments on a book by Eduardo Posada Carb\u00f3 and concludes that the country thinks the author doesn\u2019t give a sufficient answer to the problems of democracy and human rights that face Colombians.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Dreaming of what we have? - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dreaming of what we have?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article comments on a book by Eduardo Posada Carb\u00f3 and concludes that the country thinks the author doesn\u2019t give a sufficient answer to the problems of democracy and human rights that face Colombians.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-10-31T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:20:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"Dreaming of what we have?\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-10-31T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:20:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\"},\"wordCount\":662,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2006\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/sonar-lo-que-tenemos\/\",\"name\":\"Dreaming of what we have? 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