{"id":25647,"date":"2006-12-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-12-25T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-country-house\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:21:13","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:21:13","slug":"the-country-house","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/","title":{"rendered":"The Country House"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cuando era ni\u00f1o, en Medell\u00edn, siempre pas\u00e9 la Navidad en una finca. Montar a caballo, lidiar con el ganado y caminar por ca\u00f1adas y potreros era para m\u00ed el mejor de los aguinaldos. Nada m\u00e1s ajeno a mi visi\u00f3n de la Navidad que los renos y esa nieve de icopor que ponen en los centros comerciales de nuestras ciudades tropicales. <\/p>\n<p>Todav\u00eda hoy hago lo posible por pasar la Navidad en una finca; pero ya no disfruto como antes. La cruda realidad del campo colombiano me ha ido arrebatando esa fantas\u00eda del se\u00f1orito citadino que llega a su tierra privada para que lo atiendan. Cuando comprob\u00e9 que los mayordomos eran m\u00e1s vasallos que trabajadores y las haciendas, m\u00e1s feudos que empresas agr\u00edcolas, perd\u00ed el encanto. <\/p>\n<p>En mi generaci\u00f3n, muchos adquirimos ese sentimiento de deuda -para no hablar de culpa- frente al campesino sin tierra. Por eso cre\u00edamos en la necesidad de la reforma agraria. Pero esa ilusi\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n la perdimos. Yo era apenas un muchacho cuando la reforma muri\u00f3 en los escritorios empapelados de los funcionarios del Incora. <\/p>\n<p>Pero no fueron ellos, sino los pol\u00edticos finqueros que nos representan en el Congreso, en las asambleas y en los concejos municipales, los responsables de semejante fracaso. La clase pol\u00edtica ha tenido el poder, no solo para bloquear todo intento de modernizaci\u00f3n de la propiedad agraria, sino para hacer olvidar -para des-terrar- el tema de la reforma agraria de la agenda pol\u00edtica nacional.<\/p>\n<p>El fen\u00f3meno del latifundio es, sin duda, una de nuestras verg\u00fcenzas nacionales. Peor a\u00fan, es un problema que no est\u00e1 en v\u00eda de soluci\u00f3n, sino de empeoramiento. El campo colombiano no avanza hacia la instauraci\u00f3n del capitalismo, sino hacia la profundizaci\u00f3n de una especie de feudalismo. <\/p>\n<p>Pero no hay que ir hasta el latifundio para avergonzarse. Basta con mirar el car\u00e1cter pr\u00e1cticamente ilimitado que tiene el derecho de propiedad sobre la tierra en Colombia. Ni siquiera los impuestos afectan dicho derecho. <\/p>\n<p>El impuesto predial es uno de los tributos m\u00e1s viejos, equitativos y necesarios que existen. Sin embargo, como lo muestra Salom\u00f3n Kalmanovitz, los grandes propietarios rurales pr\u00e1cticamente no lo pagan. <\/p>\n<p>Pero no solo los latifundios deber\u00edan pagar impuestos elevados. Tambi\u00e9n las fincas de recreo -en lugar de subir el IVA-, que son bienes suntuarios por excelencia y que en la actualidad pagan sumas irrisorias. <\/p>\n<p>El privilegio de no pagar impuestos les cuesta mucho al Estado y a la sociedad entera. Pero tiene un efecto a\u00fan m\u00e1s da\u00f1ino: inculca en los beneficiarios toda una mentalidad pol\u00edtica favorable al individualismo ind\u00f3mito y a la desvalorizaci\u00f3n de lo p\u00fablico. La condescendencia de muchos de nuestros ganaderos y hacendados con el paramilitarismo es una buena expresi\u00f3n de esa cultura, la cual, a su turno, no hace sino debilitar al Estado. <\/p>\n<p>Hay que romper con ese c\u00edrculo vicioso. El lado positivo del debate actual sobre la parapol\u00edtica est\u00e1 en la oportunidad hist\u00f3rica que tiene el presidente Uribe y su gobierno de someter a los &#8220;se\u00f1ores de la tierra&#8221; a la Constituci\u00f3n y a las leyes. Todos sabemos que el Presidente encarna bien esos valores tradicionales -yo dir\u00eda anacr\u00f3nicos- del finquero antioque\u00f1o. Pero tambi\u00e9n sabemos que Uribe tiene la investidura de presidente y que esa enorme dignidad le puede ayudar a diferenciarse de s\u00ed mismo. <\/p>\n<p>Si el Gobierno aprovecha esta ocasi\u00f3n para institucionalizar el campo, ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil construir la ciudadan\u00eda y la democracia que tanto buscamos. Tambi\u00e9n ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil tener fincas m\u00e1s productivas, m\u00e1s civilizadas y m\u00e1s justas. Y ser\u00e1 entonces m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil disfrutar de ellas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The political class has had the power to forget the theme of the agrarian reform of the national political agenda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Country House - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Country House\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The political class has had the power to forget the theme of the agrarian reform of the national political agenda.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2006-12-25T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:21:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"The Country House\",\"datePublished\":\"2006-12-25T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:21:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\"},\"wordCount\":648,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2006\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-country-house\/\",\"name\":\"The Country House - 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