{"id":25799,"date":"2007-11-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-24T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/chavez-pocket-constitution\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:23:30","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:23:30","slug":"chavez-pocket-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/chavez-pocket-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e1vez: Pocket Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>No se si recuerdan las famosas im\u00e1genes de Hugo Ch\u00e1vez regresando victorioso al palacio presidencial despu\u00e9s del golpe de Estado de 2002. Ese golpe militar y medi\u00e1tico que organiz\u00f3 la oposici\u00f3n m\u00e1s inepta del mundo, con la conocida anuencia de Estados Unidos, Espa\u00f1a y tantos antichavistas criollos que, en el colmo de la doble moral, ahora se sienten autorizados para mandar a callar al mandatario venezolano. <\/p>\n<p>En retrospectiva, lo memorable de esas im\u00e1genes no fue tanto el espect\u00e1culo del helic\u00f3ptero de Ch\u00e1vez aterrizando en el palacio, o de las masas que bajaron del cintur\u00f3n de miseria caraque\u00f1o para respaldarlo. Lo extraordinario fue la escena de Ch\u00e1vez sacando una diminuta constituci\u00f3n de su bolsillo mientras anunciaba que los golpistas ser\u00edan procesados por los medios legales y que, con su regreso, restablec\u00eda el orden constitucional y democr\u00e1tico que aquellos hab\u00edan quebrantado. <\/p>\n<p>Digo que eso es lo memorable porque la pr\u00f3xima semana ?cuando los venezolanos aprueben la reforma que eternizar\u00e1 a su Presidente en el poder?, asistiremos a la escena contraria: Ch\u00e1vez se echar\u00e1 la nueva constituci\u00f3n venezolana al bolsillo. Al ?articulito? de la reelecci\u00f3n indefinida (Ch\u00e1vez dice que le gustar\u00eda gobernar hasta 2031), se suman otras perlas, como la potestad del Presidente de nombrar a dedo a los gobernadores de regiones creadas a su medida. Con ello, los venezolanos le dir\u00e1n adi\u00f3s a la descentralizaci\u00f3n y a la democracia representativa local. Para rematar, se da rienda suelta al ejecutivo para suspender las libertades y los derechos ciudadanos bajo el conocido pretexto de los estados de excepci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1vez, claro, no es una rareza antidemocr\u00e1tica: lo mismo han hecho, o por lo menos intentado, otros presidentes latinoamericanos con alta popularidad y aires mesi\u00e1nicos, desde Fujimori hasta Menem y Uribe. Y la reforma constitucional venezolana tiene cosas buenas, como la seguridad social para los trabajadores informales y la continuaci\u00f3n del uso de la renta petrolera para financiar la pol\u00edtica social. <\/p>\n<p>Pero nada de eso mitiga el car\u00e1cter antidemocr\u00e1tico de la reforma y del giro que est\u00e1 tomando el gobierno venezolano, as\u00ed sea con el aval de las mayor\u00edas olvidadas por los gobiernos anteriores. Como lo muestran la teor\u00eda y la pr\u00e1ctica pol\u00edticas por lo menos desde la Revoluci\u00f3n Francesa, el voto de las mayor\u00edas es una condici\u00f3n esencial, pero no suficiente, de un sistema democr\u00e1tico. Sin balance de poderes ni garant\u00eda de los derechos humanos ?como lo dice la Constituci\u00f3n revolucionaria francesa de 1791?, simplemente no hay democracia ni Constituci\u00f3n que merezca ese nombre. Lo dem\u00e1s es la tiran\u00eda de las mayor\u00edas o el caudillismo de siempre. <\/p>\n<p>El asunto no es ideol\u00f3gico. No hay que ser de derecha para se\u00f1alar el creciente autoritarismo de Ch\u00e1vez, ni ser de izquierda para criticar el de Uribe. Todo lo contrario: la democracia en estas tierras andinas se fortalecer\u00e1 s\u00f3lo cuando los dem\u00f3cratas de izquierda hablen duro contra la concentraci\u00f3n de poder de Ch\u00e1vez (sin dejar de defender con igual ah\u00ednco su pol\u00edtica social e internacional), y la derecha democr\u00e1tica diga clarito que se opone al personalismo reelectorero de Uribe (sin dejar de apoyar su pol\u00edtica econ\u00f3mica y de seguridad), y todos se la jueguen a fondo por el Estado de derecho a pesar de sus diferencias pol\u00edticas. <\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed lo han hecho, por ejemplo, las organizaciones internacionales de derechos humanos. Human Rights Watch ha condenado con igual \u00e9nfasis la injerencia de Ch\u00e1vez en el poder judicial y la interferencia de Uribe en las valientes investigaciones de la Corte Suprema por la para-pol\u00edtica. Y la Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana de Derechos Humanos reporta con id\u00e9ntica preocupaci\u00f3n la intimidaci\u00f3n de los gobiernos de los dos pa\u00edses contra los periodistas que los critican. <\/p>\n<p>No sorprende, entonces, que Ch\u00e1vez le tenga tanta aversi\u00f3n como Uribe a las ONG e instituciones internacionales de derechos humanos. El a\u00f1o pasado, por ejemplo, el chavismo no permiti\u00f3 la visita de la Comisi\u00f3n Interamericana a Venezuela, acus\u00e1ndola sin fundamento de haber sido c\u00f3mplice silencioso del golpe de 2002. C\u00f3mo es la vida: all\u00e1 las ONG son acusadas de complicidad con el imperialismo, y ac\u00e1 de complicidad con el terrorismo antiimperialista. Lo que indica que algo deben estar haciendo bien. <\/p>\n<p>Amanecer\u00e1 y veremos el pr\u00f3ximo 2 de diciembre, d\u00eda del referendo por la reforma constitucional en Venezuela. Pero mucho me temo que este a\u00f1o el regalo navide\u00f1o m\u00e1s vendido en los sem\u00e1foros de Caracas ser\u00e1 una Constituci\u00f3n de bolsillo. <\/p>\n<p>*Profesor de la Universidad de Los Andes y miembro fundador de Dejusticia (P\u00e1gina web: www.cesarrodriguez.net) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez, of Dejusticia, maintains that with Sunday December 2nd referendum in Venezuela, Ch\u00e1vez will have a pocket Constitution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ch\u00e1vez: Pocket Constitution - 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