{"id":25809,"date":"2007-12-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-12-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/gifts-the-act-of-giving\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:23:37","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:23:37","slug":"gifts-the-act-of-giving","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/gifts-the-act-of-giving\/","title":{"rendered":"Gifts, the act of giving"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Muchos sirven m\u00e1s para incrementar la hipocres\u00eda colectiva de la generosidad que para alimentar el afecto.<\/p>\n<p>Marcel Mauss escribi\u00f3 su c\u00e9lebre ensayo sobre las donaciones por all\u00e1 en 1925. Desde entonces sabemos que en el acto de regalar puede haber tanta generosidad como ego\u00edsmo.<\/p>\n<p>Cuando somos ni\u00f1os nos ense\u00f1an que los regalos son una manifestaci\u00f3n desinteresada de amor y afecto. Que por esa raz\u00f3n los regalos no se piden, sino que se esperan. Que no son como las cosas que compramos, y por las cuales pagamos un precio, sino como los besos o los abrazos, que son gratis. Aprendemos que comprar y regalar son verbos que aluden a dos econom\u00edas diferentes: a la del mercado, regida por la utilidad, y a la de las donaciones, regida por el afecto.<\/p>\n<p>Pero luego, cuando crecemos, entendemos que regalar no siempre es ese acto de desprendimiento tan maravilloso que nos dijeron cuando \u00e9ramos chiquitos. Al obsequiar algo, por lo general, no solo esperamos que nos regalen algo de vuelta, sino que esperamos que nos den algo de por lo menos el mismo valor. Por eso, cuando estamos buscando algo para regalar, muchas veces nos preguntemos: \u00bfy esto s\u00ed ser\u00e1 suficiente?<\/p>\n<p>Es verdad que hay regalos que se hacen con la certeza de que no se va a recibir nada a cambio. Es el caso del patr\u00f3n que obsequia juegos a los hijos de sus empleados, o del multimillonario que dona dinero para becar a estudiantes pobres. Pero \u00bfson ellos realmente una expresi\u00f3n de pura generosidad? No siempre.<\/p>\n<p>All\u00ed tambi\u00e9n suele haber un inter\u00e9s, solo que este no consiste en la esperanza de recibir una contraprestaci\u00f3n material, sino en aquello que los soci\u00f3logos denominan capital simb\u00f3lico, es decir, reconocimiento, estatus social, legitimidad, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Ninguna de estas dos maneras de ver el regalo, la generosa y la interesada, alcanza, por s\u00ed sola, a capturar su significado pleno. Ambas conviven en el acto de obsequiar, como conviven en la sociedad entera y en nosotros mismos, que somos una mezcla inestable de generosidad y ego\u00edsmo.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, mi impresi\u00f3n es que el actual ritmo fren\u00e9tico de los obsequios est\u00e1 haciendo perder ese delicado balance entre virtud y ego\u00edsmo que caracteriza el acto de regalar.<\/p>\n<p>Hace un par de meses me sorprend\u00ed cuando mi hija de 11 a\u00f1os me cont\u00f3 que hab\u00eda sido invitada a una fiesta en la que no hab\u00eda que llevar regalo sino dinero. Es que es una &#8216;lluvia de sobres&#8217;, me dijo. Y entonces me enter\u00e9 de que ya no solo existen los showers de regalos, el amigo secreto, los obsequios de oficina, los aguinaldos, el d\u00eda de padres, de hijos, de amigos, de secretarias, de profesores y hasta de jefes, sino tambi\u00e9n la &#8216;lluvia de sobres&#8217;, expresi\u00f3n in\u00fatilmente po\u00e9tica para designar el acto de regalar plata.<\/p>\n<p>Estas pr\u00e1cticas -que no se excluyen sino que se acumulan en nuestras agendas- despojan, con mucha frecuencia, al acto de regalar de su porci\u00f3n voluntaria y altruista y lo convierten en un acto rutinario y no pocas veces tedioso de intercambio de objetos balad\u00edes. (De esos mensajeros infructuosos del afecto est\u00e1n llenos los basureros y los cuartos de San Alejo.)<\/p>\n<p>La dimensi\u00f3n afectiva del regalo no solo requiere cierta cercan\u00eda entre las personas; tambi\u00e9n es necesario que el acto de regalar sea algo excepcional. Cuando regalar se vuelve una rutina y los destinatarios son poco menos que desconocidos, la contabilidad de los intereses termina desplazando, o neutralizando, la generosidad.<\/p>\n<p>El mercado capitalista -que es la ant\u00edtesis perfecta de la generosidad y del desprendimiento- ha terminado por capturar el mundo de los regalos y por imponerle su l\u00f3gica. Por eso, muchos de los regalos que damos hoy en d\u00eda sirven m\u00e1s para incrementar la hipocres\u00eda colectiva de la generosidad, que para alimentar el afecto.<\/p>\n<p>* Profesor de la Universidad Nacional e investigador de Dejusticia<\/p>\n<p>Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many serve more to increase the collective hypocrisy of the generosity than for feeding affection.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gifts, the act of giving - 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