{"id":25831,"date":"2008-03-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-03-03T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/invisible-suffering\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:23:54","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:23:54","slug":"invisible-suffering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/invisible-suffering\/","title":{"rendered":"Invisible Suffering"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En 1963, el profesor Stanley Milgram, de la Universidad de Yale, reclut\u00f3 a un grupo de voluntarios para llevar a cabo un supuesto experimento sobre los efectos del castigo f\u00edsico en la memoria. A los invitados -gente com\u00fan y corriente- se les pidi\u00f3 que castigaran con choques el\u00e9ctricos a los estudiantes que respondieran equivocadamente a las preguntas formuladas por un profesor. Al principio, los choques deb\u00edan ser leves -no m\u00e1s de 15 voltios- pero cuando las equivocaciones persist\u00edan, deb\u00edan aumentar hasta llegar a 450 voltios. El experimento terminaba cuando se aplicaba la mayor carga el\u00e9ctrica, o cuando el invitado se resist\u00eda, por razones de humanidad, a continuar causando el castigo. Tanto el alumno como el profesor que dirig\u00eda la operaci\u00f3n eran actores y, en realidad, no hab\u00eda ninguna descarga el\u00e9ctrica, pero el invitado no lo sab\u00eda. Lo cierto es que no se trataba de un experimento sobre la memoria, sino sobre la sumisi\u00f3n a la autoridad.<\/p>\n<p>Los resultados sorprendieron al mundo, y no era para menos: en primer lugar, se comprob\u00f3 que la mayor\u00eda de las personas -el 65 por ciento- era capaz de torturar a alguien por el simple hecho de cumplir la orden de una autoridad, en este caso de un profesor. En segundo lugar, se comprob\u00f3 que la gente es mucho m\u00e1s insensible al dolor ajeno cuando no percibe el sufrimiento. En efecto, cuando el invitado ve\u00eda los padecimientos del alumno, aquel 65 por ciento que impart\u00eda choques de 450 voltios, se reduc\u00eda a un 40 por ciento. <\/p>\n<p>El experimento de Milgram muestra c\u00f3mo la sensibilidad que experimentamos frente al dolor humano depende mucho de que nuestros sentidos capten ese dolor. Cuando no vemos, no o\u00edmos, o no sentimos los padecimientos de los dem\u00e1s, somos relativamente insensibles. El asesinato de un inocente en la calle, que se desploma ante nuestros ojos, nos conmueve y nos indigna m\u00e1s que el exterminio prolongado de cientos de campesinos acribillados en sitios lejanos y aislados. Los 25.000 seres humanos que mueren diariamente de hambre en el mundo nos dejan casi indiferentes; pero el cuerpo sin vida de una jovencita violada que aparece en la televisi\u00f3n nos indigna y hasta nos moviliza contra los culpables.<\/p>\n<p>Todo esto tiene relaci\u00f3n con la manera como los colombianos vemos a las v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado. En los \u00faltimos meses, los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n, y la sociedad en general, se han unido para condenar los cr\u00edmenes de las Farc y, en particular, el secuestro. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 s\u00f3lo hasta ahora la sociedad se moviliza? Porque nunca antes hab\u00eda visto tan de cerca, a trav\u00e9s de las pruebas de supervivencia y de los testimonios de los liberados, el sufrimiento de los secuestrados.<\/p>\n<p>Los cr\u00edmenes que han cometido los &#8216;paras&#8217; son tan graves, o peores, que los cometidos por la guerrilla: 3 millones de desplazados, 12 mil ejecuciones extrajudiciales, 4 millones de hect\u00e1reas robadas, 2 mil desaparecidos -todas cifras conservadoras-, el sistema pol\u00edtico corrompido, una parte del Ej\u00e9rcito involucrada en el terror y una mafia campante que carcome la ciudadan\u00eda y la moral p\u00fablica. No obstante, todav\u00eda hay muchos en la sociedad, en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n y en el Estado, que siguen relativamente insensibles ante ese mont\u00f3n de sufrimiento y de da\u00f1o institucional.<\/p>\n<p>Pero creo que eso est\u00e1 cambiando -como cambi\u00f3 la actitud de la sociedad frente al secuestro- y que, en el seno de la llamada Sociedad Civil, se est\u00e1 cuajando una reacci\u00f3n frontal contra todo tipo de barbarie. Ojal\u00e1 que esto se confirme el pr\u00f3ximo jueves durante la marcha contra los paramilitares.<\/p>\n<p>Claro que ayudar\u00eda mucho si los colombianos no tuvi\u00e9ramos, como ten\u00edan los voluntarios del experimento de Milgram, una autoridad tan insensible frente a los padecimientos de algunos seres humanos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Society is mobilized alone now because before had not closely seen the suffering of those kidnapped.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-public-policies","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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