{"id":25843,"date":"2008-03-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-03-17T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/government-of-the-people\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:24:04","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:24:04","slug":"government-of-the-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Government of the people"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Los antiguos griegos discut\u00edan si el gobierno deb\u00eda estar en manos de personas, es decir, de seres humanos de carne y hueso, o en manos de las leyes, es decir de reglas de juego institucionales. Esa discusi\u00f3n dur\u00f3 siglos e hizo correr mucha tinta, y tambi\u00e9n mucha sangre, pero hoy en d\u00eda casi todo el mundo est\u00e1 de acuerdo en decir que son las instituciones -y sus leyes- las que deben gobernar a los gobernantes y no a la inversa.<\/p>\n<p>En Am\u00e9rica Latina tambi\u00e9n se acepta ese postulado, es decir, que lo importante son las instituciones y no las personas, pero en la pr\u00e1ctica lo que ocurre es lo contrario, como lo muestra la omnipresencia del caudillismo y el personalismo en la historia de nuestros pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n<p>La expresi\u00f3n m\u00e1s reciente de este personalismo la vimos en la pasada reuni\u00f3n de la Cumbre de R\u00edo, a prop\u00f3sito del conflicto suscitado por la invasi\u00f3n de una porci\u00f3n del territorio ecuatoriano por parte del Ej\u00e9rcito colombiano. En el curso de una semana pasamos de la movilizaci\u00f3n militar en las fronteras, a los abrazos presidenciales, y de la ruptura diplom\u00e1tica a las declaraciones de hermandad, todo ello difundido por la radio y la televisi\u00f3n, para mayor perplejidad de todos los gobernados.<\/p>\n<p>Por fortuna, la reuni\u00f3n de Rep\u00fablica Dominicana logr\u00f3 neutralizar el conflicto. Pero la paz que se consigui\u00f3 dej\u00f3 un mal sabor de inquietud e incertidumbre. Obtuvimos una paz que parece depender m\u00e1s del temperamento de los presidentes que de los canales institucionales; m\u00e1s del humor de los mandatarios que de la diplomacia y del derecho internacional. Hoy sabemos que esos canales institucionales no fueron y no ser\u00e1n suficientes ni para asegurar el compromiso de los presidentes vecinos de desterrar a las Farc de sus territorios, ni para asegurarles a esos vecinos que el gobierno colombiano no va a invadir esos territorios para defender a su poblaci\u00f3n. Hoy sabemos que ni los ministros de relaciones exteriores, ni las embajadas, ni la OEA, ni la Interpol, ni nuestra historia com\u00fan, ni la hermandad de los habitantes de las fronteras, ni el mercado internacional, ni el sentido com\u00fan, nada de eso ser\u00e1 suficiente para controlar los eventuales impulsos de nuestros presidentes. <\/p>\n<p>La diplomacia y el derecho son los ant\u00eddotos contra la guerra y por eso son particularmente necesarios cuando un pa\u00eds est\u00e1 en problemas con sus vecinos. Ese es nuestro caso: el Estado colombiano no tiene la capacidad suficiente para controlar buena parte de sus fronteras (ni en el sur amaz\u00f3nico, ni en el occidente chocoano, ni en el oriente llanero). Como consecuencia de ello, el narcotr\u00e1fico y las guerrillas entran y salen de Colombia casi a su antojo. Por otra parte, el gobierno venezolano, que ahora tiene dinero para dar y convidar y que est\u00e1 representado por un l\u00edder carism\u00e1tico y autoritario, simpatiza con el movimiento guerrillero colombiano, se opone abiertamente a la guerra del Estado colombiano contra las Farc y les impone su agenda exterior a los gobiernos vecinos del Ecuador y Nicaragua. \u00bfQu\u00e9 m\u00e1s hace falta para que estallen los conflictos fronterizos? Muy poco.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso, uno no se explica por qu\u00e9 el gobierno colombiano no institucionaliza y profesionaliza, de una vez por todas, su pol\u00edtica exterior. Por qu\u00e9 no acaba con esa pr\u00e1ctica parroquial, y de mal gusto pol\u00edtico, que consiste en nombrar embajadores -y hasta ministros de relaciones exteriores- para pagar favores.<\/p>\n<p>Un pa\u00eds necesita buenos gobernantes y buenas instituciones. El mero talento de sus gobernantes no es suficiente; entre otras cosas, porque ese talento se malogra cuando no se encauza por las v\u00edas institucionales. Por eso dec\u00eda James Madison que las instituciones serv\u00edan para corregir los males de la naturaleza humana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The summit of Santo Domingo showed that we depend more on the mood of leaders than on diplomacy and international law.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-globalization","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Government of the people - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Government of the people\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The summit of Santo Domingo showed that we depend more on the mood of leaders than on diplomacy and international law.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"Government of the people\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\"},\"wordCount\":657,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2008\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\",\"name\":\"Government of the people - Dejusticia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Government of the people\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"description\":\"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Dejusticia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\",\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Government of the people - Dejusticia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Government of the people","og_description":"The summit of Santo Domingo showed that we depend more on the mood of leaders than on diplomacy and international law.","og_url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/","og_site_name":"Dejusticia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","article_published_time":"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00","author":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@dejusticia","twitter_site":"@dejusticia","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","NewsArticle"],"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/"},"author":{"name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6"},"headline":"Government of the people","datePublished":"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/"},"wordCount":657,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2008","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/","name":"Government of the people - Dejusticia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2008-03-17T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:24:04+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/government-of-the-people\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Government of the people"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","name":"Dejusticia","description":"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization","name":"Dejusticia","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Dejusticia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6","name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas"},"url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/"}]}},"views":190,"translations":[{"en":{"translation_id":"9411","language_code":"en","element_id":"25843","source_language_code":"es","element_type":"post_post","original":"0","post_title":"Government of the people","post_status":"publish"},"es":{"translation_id":"9410","language_code":"es","element_id":"25842","source_language_code":null,"element_type":"post_post","original":"1","post_title":"Gobiernos de personas","post_status":"publish"}}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25843"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25843\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}