{"id":25849,"date":"2008-04-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-04-14T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/to-penalize-for-reform\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:24:11","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:24:11","slug":"to-penalize-for-reform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/","title":{"rendered":"To penalize for reform"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En el Congreso se debate hoy un proyecto para reformar el sistema pol\u00edtico y para sancionar a los responsables del esc\u00e1ndalo de la &#8216;para-pol\u00edtica&#8217;. Me pregunto si esos dos objetivos -reformar y sancionar- pueden lograrse al mismo tiempo. No lo creo. Quienes han causado la ilegitimidad de una instituci\u00f3n no pueden ser sus reformadores. Pedirle a un Congreso cuestionado por &#8216;parapol\u00edtica&#8217; que expida una reforma para depurar las costumbres electorales del pa\u00eds me parece tan ingenuo como pedirle al ladr\u00f3n que defina cu\u00e1l va a ser la forma de pago del dinero robado.<\/p>\n<p>Si se sabe que una porci\u00f3n importante del Congreso estuvo involucrada en la &#8216;parapol\u00edtica&#8217;, lo primero que hay que hacer, antes de hablar del contenido de la reforma, es impedir que esa gente participe y vote en dicha reforma. La llamada &#8220;silla vac\u00eda&#8221;, es decir, la p\u00e9rdida de la curul cuando sobrevenga la condena judicial del congresista -prevista en el articulado actual del proyecto de reforma- es un paso importante en ese sentido. Pero es insuficiente. Esas condenas pueden demorar a\u00f1os y resulta inaudito que durante estos a\u00f1os de espera, el suplente, que sali\u00f3 elegido con los mismos votos cuestionados del titular, no s\u00f3lo siga en el Congreso, sino que vote la reforma.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfDesde cu\u00e1ndo, entonces, debe quedar la silla vac\u00eda? Hay otras dos posibilidades. La primera, desde que la reforma entra en vigencia. Esta propuesta tampoco es satisfactoria, debido a que conlleva la participaci\u00f3n -en la reforma- de los suplentes de los congresistas presos.<\/p>\n<p>La segunda posibilidad es que la silla quede vac\u00eda desde hoy mismo. A mi juicio, esta es la \u00fanica soluci\u00f3n que no pone en riesgo la democracia, es decir, que impide que la reforma constitucional sea votada por quienes est\u00e1n siendo investigados por &#8216;parapol\u00edtica&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Ahora bien, \u00bfc\u00f3mo justificar esa \u00faltima propuesta, cuando la mayor\u00eda de los congresistas que est\u00e1n en la c\u00e1rcel a\u00fan no han sido condenados? Con una raz\u00f3n simple: por conflicto de intereses. Los suplentes no pueden participar en debates en los cuales se discute la suerte de sus propias curules; eso ser\u00eda votar en causa propia.<\/p>\n<p>Se tratar\u00eda, claro est\u00e1, de una p\u00e9rdida temporal de la curul. El congresista preso que sea absuelto por los tribunales recuperar\u00eda de inmediato su puesto. Adem\u00e1s, a los suplentes tambi\u00e9n les conviene declararse impedidos, pues con ello evitan una posible condena por p\u00e9rdida de la investidura en el Consejo de Estado, una de cuyas causales es la violaci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen de intereses.<\/p>\n<p>Pero me parece que la raz\u00f3n de fondo de la silla vac\u00eda inmediata es esta: si el haber pervertido el sistema electoral es, para la justicia, un motivo suficiente para enviar a la c\u00e1rcel a un congresista, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 ese mismo motivo no habr\u00eda de ser suficiente para que el sistema democr\u00e1tico exija que el suplente del congresista encarcelado -elegido con los mismos votos- sea retirado del Congreso mientras la justicia toma una decisi\u00f3n definitiva? Dicho en otros t\u00e9rminos, que el sistema democr\u00e1tico enfrente la injusticia que se comete contra congresistas eventualmente absueltos, me parece un riesgo menos grave para el sistema democr\u00e1tico que el de la aprobaci\u00f3n de una reforma constitucional hecha con los votos de los &#8216;parapol\u00edticos&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Por todo lo anterior, estoy de acuerdo con Claudia L\u00f3pez cuando sostiene que, m\u00e1s importante que armar un debate sobre la ilegitimidad del Congreso, o incluso sobre el umbral, lo prioritario hoy es castigar a los culpables y a sus partidos e impedir que voten en la actual reforma. Lo primero es depurar al reformador para que est\u00e9 en capacidad \u00e9tica de reformar. Como quien dice, en lugar de reformar para castigar, lo que hay que hacer es castigar para poder reformar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first action is to purify the reformer, Congress, so that it has the ethical capacity to reform. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>To penalize for reform - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"To penalize for reform\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first action is to purify the reformer, Congress, so that it has the ethical capacity to reform.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-04-14T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:24:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"To penalize for reform\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-04-14T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:24:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\"},\"wordCount\":664,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2008\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/to-penalize-for-reform\/\",\"name\":\"To penalize for reform - 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