{"id":25890,"date":"2008-05-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-05-30T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/and-talks-of-peace\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:24:42","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:24:42","slug":"and-talks-of-peace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/and-talks-of-peace\/","title":{"rendered":"And Talks of Peace?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Es posible, pero al mismo tiempo es innegable que el cambio de jefatura ocurrido en esa guerrilla es una coyuntura extraordinaria \u2014jam\u00e1s ocurrida en cuarenta a\u00f1os\u2014 y que ese cambio justifica una respuesta pol\u00edtica del Gobierno (todo lo contrario de la burda amenaza de exterminio propuesta por el ministro Holgu\u00edn). Las guerras tambi\u00e9n se deshacen \u2014y se hacen\u2014 con palabras, sobre todo cuando se dicen en las coyunturas apropiadas, y qui\u00e9n quita que esta vez \u2014con la guerrilla debilitada y con el relevo en la jefatura\u2014 las palabras s\u00ed sirvan. El Gobierno no pierde nada, en estos momentos, si hace una tregua en su lenguaje guerrero y habla \u2014s\u00f3lo habla\u2014 de paz.<\/p>\n<p>Yo, por mi parte, en las l\u00edneas que me quedan de esta columna, voy a hablar de eso, de una eventual paz con la guerrilla. Lo primero que quiero decir es que no creo que los instrumentos jur\u00eddicos y las estrategias pol\u00edticas que se han utilizado para negociar con los paramilitares sirvan para hacer la paz con las Farc. Decir que ambos grupos son terroristas y que por eso deben ser tratados por igual, me parece algo simplista e inadecuado. Simplista porque supone que el Estado ha sido una v\u00edctima pasiva y equidistante de los dos grupos terroristas, cuando todos sabemos que tuvo una responsabilidad importante en la formaci\u00f3n y sustento del paramilitarismo. E inadecuado por las razones siguientes.<\/p>\n<p>Sentar a la guerrilla a negociar es trabajoso y cuando ello sucede, la subversi\u00f3n negocia como si fuera un Estado con derecho a reclamar la mitad del pa\u00eds. La ventaja es que cuando se logra un acuerdo con ella \u2014como sucedi\u00f3 con el M-19 o el Epl\u2014, la guerrilla sale de sus guaridas y de esa manera pierde su poder militar y el conflicto se acaba.<\/p>\n<p>Con los \u2018paras\u2019 sucede otra cosa: negocian, pero casi nadie puede controlar lo que hacen despu\u00e9s. Mejor dicho: con los \u2018paras\u2019 la negociaci\u00f3n es f\u00e1cil y el posconflicto dif\u00edcil, con la guerrilla pasa lo contrario: la negociaci\u00f3n es dif\u00edcil y el posconflicto es f\u00e1cil. <\/p>\n<p>Esto no significa que no se pueda hacer nada. S\u00f3lo que se debe dise\u00f1ar una estrategia de paz que tenga en cuenta la naturaleza del actor armado. Eso implica al menos dos cosas. En primer lugar, unos instrumentos adecuados para enfrentar a cada uno: en el caso paramilitar, hay que fortalecer la justicia y la democracia para lograr el desmonte de sus estructuras de poder. En el caso de la guerrilla, en cambio, el Estado debe concentrarse en el logro de una victoria militar, por los cauces legales y sin abandonar la salida negociada. <\/p>\n<p>En segundo lugar, implica la adaptaci\u00f3n de lo que se negocia a la naturaleza del actor armado. Si bien las v\u00edctimas de la guerrilla tienen igual derecho a la verdad, justicia y reparaci\u00f3n que las v\u00edctimas de los paras, es natural que el Estado, al negociar, sea m\u00e1s exigente con estos \u00faltimos, para evitar que durante el posconflicto se reproduzcan como mafias. En el caso de la guerrilla, en cambio, la mayor probabilidad de la \u201cno repetici\u00f3n\u201d, le permite al Estado ser un poco m\u00e1s flexible \u2014sin afectar los derechos de las v\u00edctimas\u2014 al momento de negociar.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso creo que este es uno de esos raros momentos en los cuales el Gobierno podr\u00eda intentar ser generoso, o por lo menos combinar su garrote habitual con algo de zanahoria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is possible that the FARC has not changed much with the death of Marulanda and that the negotiated exit for today with Alfonso Cano, far away as usual.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-public-policies","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>And Talks of Peace? 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