{"id":26099,"date":"2008-09-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-09-26T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/battle-cities\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:27:21","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:27:21","slug":"battle-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/battle-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Battle Cities"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LAS CIUDADES, COMO LAS PERSONAS, tienen su temperamento. Algunas son disciplinadas, atentas y apacibles, mientras que otras son impulsivas, impredecibles y caprichosas. No es f\u00e1cil identificar con precisi\u00f3n ese temperamento, pero cualquier turista sabe que no es lo mismo estar en, digamos, Estocolmo, que en Roma o en Barranquilla y que detr\u00e1s de la geograf\u00eda y de los edificios de esas ciudades, hay algo propio e inmaterial que las identifica y las determina.<\/p>\n<p>Emile Durkheim crey\u00f3 haber encontrado \u2014hace m\u00e1s de cien a\u00f1os\u2014 un indicio de ese temperamento cuando sostuvo que una sociedad se pod\u00eda identificar por el tipo de reglas que cumple. Dime cu\u00e1les son las reglas que obedecen \u2014dec\u00eda\u2014 y te dir\u00e9 qui\u00e9nes son. Siguiendo ese idea, creo que lo m\u00e1s indicado para llevar a cabo ese experimento es acudir a las reglas de tr\u00e1nsito; despu\u00e9s de todo, no hay en la ciudad un territorio en donde se produzcan tantas interrelaciones sociales, de manera tan constante y durante tanto tiempo como en las v\u00edas p\u00fablicas.<\/p>\n<p>En la calle se aprecian algunos de los rasgos esenciales de una ciudad: la solidaridad o el ego\u00edsmo, la mayor o menor cohesi\u00f3n social, el grado de legitimidad que tiene la autoridad, los mecanismos para resolver conflictos, la importancia que tiene la tolerancia o la violencia, etc. Pero lo m\u00e1s importante es que all\u00ed, en la calle, se sabe cu\u00e1l es el mayor o menor valor que la gente le otorga a lo p\u00fablico en relaci\u00f3n con sus intereses privados.<\/p>\n<p>En una ciudad como Bogot\u00e1 ese peso relativo de lo p\u00fablico, en comparaci\u00f3n con lo privado, es muy peque\u00f1o. Cuando un individuo sale a la calle, m\u00e1s que ingresar a un verdadero espacio p\u00fablico, lo que hace es internarse en un territorio librado a la competencia, a la apropiaci\u00f3n y no pocas veces a la confrontaci\u00f3n. Las calles son como campos de batalla en donde la gente se estrella, y a veces se mata, por ganar unos cuantos cent\u00edmetros.<\/p>\n<p>No es que en Bogot\u00e1 o en Barranquilla la gente no cumpla reglas; es que cumple otras distintas a las que se\u00f1ala el tr\u00e1nsito, o cumple una mezcla difusa entre reglas de tr\u00e1nsito y otras reglas. Esas otras son las de \u201cviveza criolla\u201d, aquellas que mandan \u201cno dar papaya\u201d, \u201cno dejarse tumbar\u201d o \u201cllegar primero\u201d. Esto explica que un buen consejo para manejar en Bogot\u00e1 sea \u201cestar m\u00e1s pendiente de lo que hacen los dem\u00e1s que de lo que dicen las reglas\u201d. Mientras en Estocolmo o en Ginebra los conductores siguen las reglas de tr\u00e1nsito y son casi indiferentes a lo que hacen los dem\u00e1s, en Bogot\u00e1 pasa lo contrario: miran a los otros conductores y son casi indiferentes frente a las reglas. Aqu\u00ed, el comportamiento individual es t\u00e1ctico, moment\u00e1neo y variable; all\u00e1 es rutinario, colectivo y uniforme.<\/p>\n<p>Lo triste de esa actitud aparentemente astuta y ego\u00edsta que consiste en seguir su propio instinto para llegar primero, es que, como todos hacen lo mismo, se obstaculizan los unos a los otros y todos terminan llegando m\u00e1s tarde de lo que hubieran llegado en el evento de haber seguido las normas de manera puntual y ordenada. La nuestra es una viveza majadera. Por eso, como los necios, aprendemos a las patadas, o a los estrellones.<\/p>\n<p>Guillermo O\u2019Donnell sostuvo alguna vez que la clave de las deficiencias democr\u00e1ticas y ciudadanas del r\u00e9gimen pol\u00edtico argentino, tales como el individualismo y la falta de respeto por las instituciones, pod\u00eda encontrarse en la manera como los conductores se comportan en las calles de Buenos Aires. Pienso que lo mismo puede decirse de Colombia, con la salvedad de que lo contrario tambi\u00e9n es verdad: nuestros defectos ciudadanos son tambi\u00e9n un reflejo de los vicios de nuestro r\u00e9gimen pol\u00edtico.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The cities, as the people, have their own temperament. Some are disciplined, kind and calmed, while others are impulsive, unpredictable and  spoiled. It\u00b4s not easy to identify such a character, but any tourist knows is not the same to be in Stockholm than in Rome or Barranquilla and that behind geography and buildings, their is something incorporeal and own that identify and determines them.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Battle Cities - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/ciudades-de-batalla\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Battle Cities\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The cities, as the people, have their own temperament. 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