{"id":26304,"date":"2009-04-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-04-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-pardon\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:30:16","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:30:16","slug":"the-pardon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-pardon\/","title":{"rendered":"The Pardon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>HACE UNAS TRES SEMANAS, CUANDO el Gobierno decidi\u00f3 sacar de la c\u00e1rcel a Karina y nombrarla \u201cgestora de paz\u201d, quise escribir una columna sobre la idea que tenemos del perd\u00f3n. Siempre he cre\u00eddo que ah\u00ed est\u00e1 uno de nuestros males sociales.<\/p>\n<p>Pero no supe c\u00f3mo decirlo y termin\u00e9 escribiendo otra cosa. Hoy, leyendo un texto de Borges, encontr\u00e9 la idea que andaba buscando. <\/p>\n<p>Se trata de un ensayo titulado Nuestro pobre individualismo en el que Borges muestra lo honda y maligna que fue la huella que dejaron los espa\u00f1oles en nosotros. Borges cita el siguiente p\u00e1rrafo de El Quijote: \u201cSe\u00f1ores guardas, estos pobres no han cometido nada contra vosotros\u2026 Dios hay en el cielo que no se descuida de castigar al malo, ni de premiar al bueno y no es bien que los hombres honrados sean verdugos de los otros hombres\u2026\u201d. En s\u00edntesis, don Quijote le pide a la autoridad que perdone a esos condenados y que deje el asunto en manos de Dios, que s\u00ed es un juez justo.<\/p>\n<p>Borges se vale de lo dicho por el Quijote para mostrar el poco aprecio que tenemos los iberoamericanos por la autoridad y por la ley. Pero hay algo m\u00e1s. El pasaje tambi\u00e9n muestra lo poco que la autoridad valora la ley y su aplicaci\u00f3n rigurosa. Los individuos no respetan a la autoridad porque ella no es nadie frente a Dios y la autoridad es complaciente con los criminales porque \u201cya tendr\u00e1n quien los juzgue\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ambas actitudes vienen de ese catolicismo guerrero que nos fue inculcado por Espa\u00f1a del siglo XV y que concibe al mundo como un \u201cvalle de l\u00e1grimas\u201d que s\u00f3lo tendr\u00e1 consuelo y paz cuando Dios imponga su justicia definitiva. Entre tanto, estamos condenados a soportar la irremediable imperfecci\u00f3n del mundo social.<\/p>\n<p>Mientras en el siglo XVI Espa\u00f1a inculcaba en sus colonias esta concepci\u00f3n religiosa, el resto de Europa, alentada por el protestantismo o por una visi\u00f3n menos \u00e9pica del catolicismo, establec\u00eda una clara separaci\u00f3n entre el pecado y el delito y, por esta v\u00eda, creaba las bases para la construcci\u00f3n de una sociedad de ciudadanos responsables y autoridades respetadas. <\/p>\n<p>Hoy, la mayor\u00eda de los colombianos ha dejado de practicar la religi\u00f3n cat\u00f3lica y muchos son los que descreen de la Iglesia y de sus jerarcas. Sin embargo, la herencia espa\u00f1ola del perd\u00f3n sigue viva y se manifiesta en por lo menos estas tres actitudes sociales: 1) el fatalismo, es decir la idea de que la injusticia y el delito son inevitables, como lo es el pecado y como los son los terremotos o las inundaciones; 2) un individualismo ind\u00f3mito, que no se somete a ley ni autoridad que no sea Dios. Calder\u00f3n de la Barca lo dec\u00eda claramente: \u201cAl rey la hacienda y la vida se ha de dar; pero el honor es patrimonio del alma y el alma s\u00f3lo es de Dios\u201d, y 3) la benevolencia de la autoridad con los acusados, el olvido de sus cr\u00edmenes y el menosprecio por las v\u00edctimas. <\/p>\n<p>Alguien me dir\u00e1 que todo esto es historia y que hoy en d\u00eda las cosas son muy distintas. Ojal\u00e1 fuera as\u00ed. Pero no lo creo. Es verdad que nuestros gobernantes ya no son esos cat\u00f3licos \u00e9picos y exaltados que nos gobernaron en la Colonia \u2014aunque con Uribe uno a veces duda\u2014 pero eso no garantiza nada. Basta con que adopten las mismas pr\u00e1cticas, como perdonar los actos atroces, no imponer la voluntad pol\u00edtica frente a la injusticia, o desconocer a las v\u00edctimas, para constatar, como lo hace Borges, que todav\u00eda no nos hemos liberado de los espa\u00f1oles del siglo XVI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three weeks ago, when the government decided to take out Karina form Jail to appoint her &#8220;Peace promoter&#8221; I wanted to write a column about the idea of pardon we have. I have always thought there is one of our biggest social problems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Pardon - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-perdon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Pardon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Three weeks ago, when the government decided to take out Karina form Jail to appoint her &quot;Peace promoter&quot; I wanted to write a column about the idea of pardon we have. 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