{"id":26335,"date":"2009-05-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-05-23T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-survival-of-the-past\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:30:54","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:30:54","slug":"the-survival-of-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-survival-of-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"The Survival of The Past"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>HACE UN PAR DE SEMANAS ESCRIB\u00cd una columna en la que dec\u00eda que a la burgues\u00eda colombiana le encantaba tener sirvientes \u2014mayordomos, empleadas dom\u00e9sticas, etc.\u2014 y que eso no se deb\u00eda a que fuera perezosa, sino a que le gustaba mandar. <\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed como en otros pa\u00edses la burgues\u00eda se siente poderosa porque es rica, la nuestra se siente rica porque es poderosa, es decir, porque tiene a su lado gente que le obedece. Dec\u00eda tambi\u00e9n que ese rasgo cultural nos viene de la Espa\u00f1a del siglo XVI y que los extranjeros que vienen al pa\u00eds, si bien se sorprenden al notar ese rasgo nobiliario de nuestra alta sociedad, se adaptan.<\/p>\n<p>Santiago Montenegro, en su columna de esta semana, se lamenta de que yo, en ese escrito, trate mal a los extranjeros de Colombia. Otros me critican el hecho de que generalice y me dan ejemplos de gente que no se comporta como yo digo. <\/p>\n<p>Podr\u00eda limitarme a decir, en primer lugar, que mi columna no era sobre los extranjeros y que, adem\u00e1s, si bien, en la pr\u00e1ctica, hay muchos casos de colombianos y de extranjeros que no se comportan como yo digo, eso no invalida mi argumento general; s\u00f3lo da cuenta de excepciones.<\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, creo que en esas cr\u00edticas hay algo m\u00e1s de fondo que merece una explicaci\u00f3n y es esto: \u00bfes posible hablar de rasgos culturales de los pueblos sin caer en generalizaciones anodinas?  <\/p>\n<p>Empiezo por decir que en Am\u00e9rica Latina este debate empez\u00f3 en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, cuando se discut\u00eda sobre el modelo de sociedad que deb\u00edan adoptar las nuevas naciones reci\u00e9n liberadas del yugo espa\u00f1ol. Algunos, como Domingo Sarmiento en Argentina, pensaban que la soluci\u00f3n estaba en europeizar a Am\u00e9rica Latina, lo cual implicaba diluir la sangre ind\u00edgena en un torrente de sangre inmigrante europea. Otros, en cambio, como Enrique Rod\u00f3, pensaban que lo que hab\u00eda que hacer era defender el alma latinoamericana, contra la invasi\u00f3n europea y sobre todo gringa.<\/p>\n<p>El debate actual es distinto. De lo que se habla ahora es de identidades culturales, regionales, raciales y hasta corporativas. Pero como hay mucha labia y poca sustancia en la mayor\u00eda de lo que hoy se dice sobre la identidad cultural, muchos adoptan una posici\u00f3n que consiste en negar que ella exista, lo cual es igualmente insatisfactorio.<\/p>\n<p>No voy a tomar partido en estos debates. Lo que creo es que la herencia cultural \u2014no obstante la globalizaci\u00f3n\u2014 es algo m\u00e1s importante de lo que los economistas y otros, suelen creer. El pasado sobrevive en nuestro presente. Ya lo dec\u00eda Octavio Paz: \u201cLas \u00e9pocas viejas nunca desaparecen completamente y todas las heridas, aun las m\u00e1s antiguas, manan sangre todav\u00eda\u201d. Es cierto que instituciones coloniales como la Inquisici\u00f3n, el Mayorazgo y la Encomienda dejaron de existir hace muchos a\u00f1os. Pero algo de ellas todav\u00eda subsiste en la propiedad agraria, en la forma de gobernar, en la ausencia de una clase media y sobre todo en la manera como las clases dominantes se relacionan con los m\u00e1s pobres de la sociedad. Ya no tenemos nobles, pero nuestros ricos, acostumbrados a disponer de pobres que les sirven de manera casi incondicional, reproducen muchas de las ma\u00f1as nobiliarias que ellos mismos quisieron destronar hace doscientos a\u00f1os. <\/p>\n<p>El subdesarrollo no es simplemente \u201cun estado de la mente\u201d, como dec\u00eda Lawrence Harrison, pero s\u00ed tiene mucho de eso.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What I believe is cultural heritage, in spite of globalization, is something more important than what economists and other believe it is. The past survives in our present days. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Survival of The Past - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-supervivencia-del-pasado\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Survival of The Past\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What I believe is cultural heritage, in spite of globalization, is something more important than what economists and other believe it is. 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