{"id":26349,"date":"2009-06-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-06-20T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/from-cairo-to-teheran\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:31:09","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:31:09","slug":"from-cairo-to-teheran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/from-cairo-to-teheran\/","title":{"rendered":"From Cairo to Teheran"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>HACE YA DIECIS\u00c9IS A\u00d1OS QUE SAmuel Huntington public\u00f3 \u00bfEl choque de civilizaciones? (The clash of civilizations?), quiz\u00e1s el texto pol\u00edtico m\u00e1s influyente de las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas. <\/p>\n<p>En ese ensayo se expon\u00eda una hip\u00f3tesis tan simple como aterradora: el mundo est\u00e1 regresando a la \u00e9poca de las guerras de religi\u00f3n. Los conflictos del futuro, explicaba Huntington, ya no surgir\u00e1n por la defensa de intereses econ\u00f3micos o ideol\u00f3gicos, sino por diferencias culturales y, sobre todo, por cuestiones de fe. La pelea ya no ser\u00e1 entre los Estados, sino entre la civilizaci\u00f3n cristiana y la del Islam.<\/p>\n<p>Los atentados del 11 de septiembre, ocurridos ocho a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de publicado ese ensayo, parecieron darle la raz\u00f3n a Huntington y, en todo caso, reforzaron la posici\u00f3n de quienes, desde la derecha republicana, quer\u00edan emprender una nueva cruzada contra el Islam. Otra de las ideas de Huntington en ese ensayo, aquella seg\u00fan la cual la apertura democr\u00e1tica en el mundo isl\u00e1mico va en contrav\u00eda del pluralismo, tambi\u00e9n parec\u00eda confirmarse: Hezbollah gan\u00f3 las elecciones en el L\u00edbano; Ham\u00e1s logr\u00f3 lo mismo en Gaza y otros partidos radicales triunfaron en Irak y en el Medio Oriente.<\/p>\n<p>Pero no s\u00f3lo la vida te da sorpresas, como dice la canci\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n te las da la historia y por eso resulta tan arriesgado hacer predicciones sobre el futuro del mundo. Lo primero que pas\u00f3 fue que la democracia empez\u00f3 a obrar en contra de los radicales isl\u00e1micos: Hezbollah fue derrotado en el L\u00edbano; Ham\u00e1s perdi\u00f3 terreno en Palestina y, para no ir m\u00e1s lejos, esta misma semana, en Ir\u00e1n, el candidato reformista Hussein Moussavi desconoci\u00f3 la victoria electoral del presidente Ahmadinejad.<\/p>\n<p>Pero la sorpresa m\u00e1s grande vino de Washington, con el derrumbe de la derecha republicana. \u00bfQui\u00e9n, hace cuatro a\u00f1os, hubiera pensado que Barack Hussein Obama, un senador de raza negra y con un nombre parecido al de Osama bin Laden, iba a derrotar al presidente Bush y a toda su derecha republicana? Nadie.<\/p>\n<p>Pues bien, ese mismo senador, ahora presidente, estuvo hace dos semanas en El Cairo y pronunci\u00f3 un discurso que, a mi juicio, es el m\u00e1s importante de todos los que ha hecho hasta ahora (y ha hecho muchos y muy importantes). <\/p>\n<p>En El Cairo, Obama habl\u00f3 del Islam y del conflicto entre Occidente y Oriente, pero expuso una tesis contraria a la defendida por Huntington (y por Bush). La historia de las relaciones entre el Cristianismo y el Islam, dijo Obama, no es s\u00f3lo de guerra y confrontaci\u00f3n, sino de convivencia y cooperaci\u00f3n. A pesar de todas las diferencias y malentendidos, sostuvo Obama, ambas religiones comparten unas ideas b\u00e1sicas de dignidad y tolerancia. Por eso, en lugar de avivar las discrepancias, lo que hay que hacer es crear un nuevo entendimiento entre las dos culturas.<\/p>\n<p>Es dif\u00edcil saber qu\u00e9 tanta influencia tuvo ese discurso entre los j\u00f3venes iran\u00edes que ahora marchan por las calles de Teher\u00e1n. Yo creo que tuvo un impacto muy grande y que, con el paso del tiempo, ese impacto ser\u00e1 a\u00fan mayor. <\/p>\n<p>Quiz\u00e1s estoy siendo demasiado optimista. Por eso no quiero hacer ninguna predicci\u00f3n sobre el futuro del Islam en el mundo. S\u00f3lo me voy a atrever a predecir el pasado: si, antes de publicar su ensayo, Huntington hubiese vislumbrado la posibilidad de un discurso como el de Obama en El Cairo y de unas protestas como las de esta semana en Teher\u00e1n, seguramente habr\u00eda tenido el cuidado de decir que el choque de civilizaciones era un riesgo y no simplemente una predicci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sixteen years ago, Samuel Huntington published &#8220;The clash of civilizations?&#8221;, perhaps the most influential political text of the last two decades. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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