{"id":26351,"date":"2009-06-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-06-13T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-warlords-path\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:31:11","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:31:11","slug":"the-warlords-path","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-warlords-path\/","title":{"rendered":"The warlords path"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>EL PRESIDENTE HUGO CH\u00c1VEZ HA sostenido varias veces que, como las leyes pueden ser injustas, el Estado de Derecho, es decir, el Estado regido por leyes \u2014no por voluntades personales\u2014, debe ser reemplazado por lo que \u00e9l llama \u201cEstado social de derecho y de justicia\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan Ch\u00e1vez, \u201c\u2026el mundo est\u00e1 lleno de Estados de derecho que al mismo tiempo son Estados de injusticia\u201d, por eso, lo que nosotros queremos es \u201cun Estado de derecho y de justicia\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e1vez no es el primer gobernante latinoamericano al que se le ocurre poner la justicia por encima de la Constituci\u00f3n y de la ley. Casi todos los defensores del caudillismo \u2014de derecha o de izquierda\u2014 lo han hecho antes, aunque a veces han cambiado la palabra justicia por otras como libertad, desarrollo o seguridad. Para no ir m\u00e1s lejos, esto es lo que dec\u00eda Laureano Vallenilla Lanz, un intelectual venezolano de principios del siglo XX, en un libro c\u00e9lebre titulado Cesarismo democr\u00e1tico: \u201cLa preservaci\u00f3n social no puede de ninguna manera encomendarse a las leyes, sino a los caudillos prestigiosos y m\u00e1s temibles\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Pero la tradici\u00f3n caudillista no ha sido igual en todas partes. En Colombia, en todo caso, ha sido mucho menos fuerte que en Venezuela. Es cierto que nuestra historia institucional no es un dechado de virtudes, pero por lo menos ha sido estable y ha respetado ciertas formas democr\u00e1ticas y de control pol\u00edtico, las mismas que nuestros vecinos han echado f\u00e1cilmente por la borda.<\/p>\n<p>Durante los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, sin embargo, la opci\u00f3n caudillista se ha fortalecido en Colombia y ello debido a la combinaci\u00f3n de una gran popularidad del presidente Uribe con una manera tan osada como inescrupulosa de hacer pol\u00edtica. No tengo espacio para hacer un listado de los resultados de esa combinaci\u00f3n arrasadora, pero s\u00ed puedo referirme a algo que fue publicado la semana pasada en La Silla Vac\u00eda y que, a mi entender, es un indicio claro de la fuerza que est\u00e1 tomando entre nosotros la salida caudillista. Me refiero a la importancia que, en los \u00faltimos discursos del Presidente, ha adquirido el concepto de \u201cEstado de opini\u00f3n\u201d, entendido como un Estado supuestamente m\u00e1s avanzado que el Estado de Derecho. (Seg\u00fan La Silla Vac\u00eda, el Presidente ha usado ese concepto 103 veces desde octubre de 2008).<\/p>\n<p>Uribe, como Ch\u00e1vez, estima que las leyes son insuficientes en una democracia. S\u00f3lo que, a diferencia de su colega venezolano, no cree que eso se deba a que las leyes pueden ser injustas, sino a que su contenido puede apartarse de la opini\u00f3n de las mayor\u00edas. Esto sucede, dice Uribe, cuando los jueces y quienes dirigen los organismos de control interpretan mal las leyes, es decir, en contra de esas mayor\u00edas. Por eso \u2014sostiene Uribe\u2014, \u201cm\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la misma interpretaci\u00f3n de los jueces, lo superiormente importante es la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>As\u00ed pues, para ambos presidentes las leyes son menos importantes que la justicia o que la opini\u00f3n de la mayor\u00eda. Pero claro, como en Colombia y en Venezuela todav\u00eda hay desacuerdos y visiones divergentes sobre las cosas que ocurren \u2014no faltar\u00eda m\u00e1s\u2014, tanto las opiniones sobre lo que es justo o injusto, como la precisi\u00f3n de qui\u00e9n es el vocero de la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica, se encuentran divididas. Siendo as\u00ed, lo que quieren decir los presidentes de estas dos naciones atribuladas es que lo justo y la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica no son otra cosa que lo que ellos y sus mayor\u00edas pol\u00edticas piensan.<\/p>\n<p>Colombia y Venezuela caminan por sendas m\u00e1s cercanas de lo que parece.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In various occasions, President Hugo Chavez has said that since law can be unfair, the Rule of law shall be replaced by the Social State of law and justice. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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