{"id":26402,"date":"2009-08-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-08-15T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-outrages\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:31:52","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:31:52","slug":"the-outrages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-outrages\/","title":{"rendered":"The outrages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>ANGEL GENIVET, UNO DE LOS INTElectuales de la generaci\u00f3n del 98, dec\u00eda que el ideal de todos los espa\u00f1oles era llevar en el bolsillo un documento oficial que dijera lo siguiente: \u201cEl se\u00f1or fulano de tal, portador del presente t\u00edtulo, est\u00e1 autorizado para hacer lo que se le d\u00e9 la gana\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ganivet quer\u00eda ilustrar el car\u00e1cter ind\u00f3mito del individualismo espa\u00f1ol y para eso hac\u00eda referencia a la importancia que ten\u00edan, en su pa\u00eds, esos permisos que se conocen como fueros o prerrogativas y que eran muy comunes en el derecho medioeval. Mientras m\u00e1s importante era alguien, m\u00e1s fueros ten\u00eda, y por eso gozaba de m\u00e1s libertad. Mientras m\u00e1s pobre y an\u00f3nimo, en cambio, m\u00e1s deb\u00eda obedecer.<\/p>\n<p>Hace ya casi doscientos a\u00f1os expulsamos a los espa\u00f1oles y abolimos el derecho colonial, pero los fueros siguen casi intactos. Aquella frase descarnada que dice \u201cEl derecho es para los de ruana\u201d, es decir, el derecho s\u00f3lo obliga al pueblo raso, ha sido en Colombia una norma m\u00e1s vigente y m\u00e1s efectiva que la mayor\u00eda de nuestras constituciones, promulgadas con bombos y platillos.<\/p>\n<p>Me dir\u00e1 usted que estoy exagerando. Pero le pregunto, \u00bfno es eso lo que sucede hoy en Colombia con la reelecci\u00f3n presidencial? En el a\u00f1o 2006 el Presidente cambi\u00f3 la Constituci\u00f3n para hacerse reelegir y ahora quiere modificarla otra vez para seguir gobernando. \u00a1Ah!, pero lo que pasa es que, me responder\u00e1 usted, \u00e9ste es un caso excepcional y eso debido a que estamos ante el presidente m\u00e1s popular en la historia reciente del pa\u00eds. Es posible, pero esa es justamente la l\u00f3gica del fuero: invocar casos excepcionales o circunstancias personales para acabar con las normas.<\/p>\n<p>Me pregunto qu\u00e9 posici\u00f3n adoptar\u00edan los uribistas de hoy, si el d\u00eda de ma\u00f1ana les corresponde estar en la oposici\u00f3n con un presidente muy popular \u2014del Polo Democr\u00e1tico, por ejemplo\u2014 al que le da por cambiar varias veces la Constituci\u00f3n para mantenerse en el cargo. \u00bfSeguir\u00edan defendiendo la idea de que el pueblo tiene la \u00faltima palabra? No lo creo.<\/p>\n<p>La l\u00f3gica del fuero es la l\u00f3gica de la primac\u00eda de lo particular sobre lo general. La regla general no se desconoce, m\u00e1s a\u00fan se elogia, pero cumple una labor simplemente simb\u00f3lica, de legitimaci\u00f3n. El fuero es el mecanismo que permite la convivencia de un derecho que trata a todos por igual, con una realidad social llena de privilegiados. Es un dispositivo que hace posible la convivencia de lo ideal con lo que existe, sin que ninguno de los dos \u2014lo ideal y lo que existe\u2014 cambie. Mientras que la ley general mantiene viva la esperanza de cambio, y en ese sentido es un ant\u00eddoto contra la cr\u00edtica, la excepci\u00f3n garantiza que las cosas sigan como est\u00e1n y en ese sentido es un ant\u00eddoto contra el cambio.<\/p>\n<p>Una sociedad en donde se permite que los fueros sean m\u00e1s importantes que las normas constitucionales es una sociedad que opta por obedecer a las personas y no a las leyes. Esa decisi\u00f3n tiene costos alt\u00edsimos. Cuando el Presidente hace cambiar el texto constitucional para acomodarlo a su carrera pol\u00edtica, reemplaza el derecho por el fuero, es decir, la regla por la excepci\u00f3n. Poco importan los m\u00e9todos con los que se otorgue ese fuero: un referendo que tiene nombre propio, una consulta popular fundada en el art\u00edculo 104 de la Constituci\u00f3n, o un papelito guardado en el bolsillo del mandatario en el que se diga \u201ceste presidente est\u00e1 autorizado para hacer lo que se le venga en gana\u201d. Los tres son desafueros que acaban con la supremac\u00eda de la Constituci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Angel Genivet, an intellectual of the &#8217;98 Generation, said that the Spaniards&#8217; ideal was to carry an official document that stated they were authorized to do anything they wanted.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The outrages - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The outrages\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Angel Genivet, an intellectual of the &#039;98 Generation, said that the Spaniards&#039; ideal was to carry an official document that stated they were authorized to do anything they wanted.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-08-15T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:31:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"The outrages\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-08-15T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:31:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\"},\"wordCount\":653,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2009\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-desafueros\/\",\"name\":\"The outrages - 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