{"id":26474,"date":"2009-10-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-10-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/latin-american-identity\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:32:44","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:32:44","slug":"latin-american-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/latin-american-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"Latin American identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Latinoam\u00e9rica solamente ser\u00e1 reconocida en el mundo en la medida en que sea fiel a su identidad mestiza y mulata.<\/p>\n<p>Hace alg\u00fan tiempo, el escritor mexicano Carlos Fuentes public\u00f3 un art\u00edculo en el que se quejaba de que la BBC no hubiera incluido ning\u00fan caso latinoamericano en una serie de reportajes sobre las grandes civilizaciones de la historia. El reproche de Fuentes expresa el sentimiento de muchos latinoamericanos de no ser valorados suficientemente en el mundo.<\/p>\n<p>Pero, con independencia de la arrogancia propia de los pa\u00edses del norte, esta situaci\u00f3n ha sido producto de nuestras mismas decisiones. Una vez obtenida la independencia, las nuevas rep\u00fablicas latinoamericanas decidieron negar sus ra\u00edces, para intentar ser como otros, como los desarrollados del momento, fundamentalmente como los pa\u00edses anglosajones. En el camino, amplios grupos sociales continuaron siendo discriminados y sometidos por causa de su origen \u00e9tnico. <\/p>\n<p>El argentino Juan Bautista Alberdi lo expres\u00f3 de la mejor manera, en su libro \u201cBases y puntos de partida para la organizaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica de la Rep\u00fablica Argentina\u201d, publicado en 1852. En el escrito, afirm\u00f3 que las elites americanas de ese momento \u201cno eran otra cosa que europeos nacidos en Am\u00e9rica.\u201d A\u00f1adi\u00f3 que \u201cen Am\u00e9rica, todo lo que no es europeo es b\u00e1rbaro\u201d y que en la regi\u00f3n no hab\u00eda m\u00e1s divisi\u00f3n que entre \u201cel ind\u00edgena, es decir, el salvaje\u201d, y el europeo, \u201ces decir, nosotros, los que hemos nacido en Am\u00e9rica y hablamos espa\u00f1ol, los que creemos en Jesucristo y no en Pill\u00e1n (dios de los ind\u00edgenas).\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Al mismo tiempo, sin embargo, \u00e9l les neg\u00f3 a los espa\u00f1oles la posibilidad de contribuir al progreso, y por eso propuso favorecer la inmigraci\u00f3n de personas amantes de la libertad y el desarrollo, los anglosajones. <\/p>\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n por esos a\u00f1os el argentino Domingo Faustino Sarmiento manifest\u00f3 que Am\u00e9rica ten\u00eda que escoger entre la civilizaci\u00f3n y la barbarie, y que la primera estaba representada por el mundo europeo y la segunda por los ind\u00edgenas, los negros y los criollos. <\/p>\n<p>Pero Alberdi y Sarmiento son solamente ejemplos del pensamiento de la \u00e9poca. Por eso, durante m\u00e1s tiempo del que uno podr\u00eda creer se ha hablado en nuestra regi\u00f3n del problema que representan las \u201crazas inferiores\u201d para el desarrollo. Buena muestra de ello son los escritos de autores colombianos como Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Samper, Luis L\u00f3pez de Mesa y Laureano G\u00f3mez. <\/p>\n<p>Por todo eso, durante mucho tiempo nuestros pa\u00edses le dieron la espalda a su realidad. Y esa fue una decisi\u00f3n fat\u00eddica, pues como lo comentaba el peruano Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Prada, cuando a finales del siglo XIX analizaba la humillante derrota de su pa\u00eds ante Chile en la Guerra del Pac\u00edfico, era imposible crear rep\u00fablicas democr\u00e1ticas y poderosas en medio de la exclusi\u00f3n y la opresi\u00f3n de millones de personas. <\/p>\n<p>Pero las cosas han venido cambiando, a pesar de que los grupos ind\u00edgenas y las comunidades afrodescendientes siguen siendo marginados y objeto de discriminaci\u00f3n y explotaci\u00f3n. Es decir, si bien en nuestros pa\u00edses todav\u00eda ronda el racismo, cada vez es m\u00e1s claro para muchos que, como bien lo dice el mismo Carlos Fuentes, independientemente del color de cada uno de los individuos, nuestra identidad \u201ces multirracial: ind\u00edgena, europea, negra y, sobre todo, mestiza, mulata.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>En toda esta transformaci\u00f3n ha desempe\u00f1ado un papel fundamental el arte. Por eso, los latinoamericanos tenemos una deuda profunda con personas como Mercedes Sosa, Celia Cruz y tantos otros que nos ense\u00f1aron a descubrir y valorar nuestra alma. <\/p>\n<p>S\u00f3lo se puede ser universal cuando se tiene conciencia de lo propio. Y Latinoam\u00e9rica solamente ser\u00e1 reconocida en el mundo en la medida en que sea fiel a su identidad mestiza y mulata. Y esto, pocos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de la celebraci\u00f3n del d\u00eda de la raza, nos recuerda nuestro deber de reivindicar los derechos de todos los que han sido discriminados y sometidos en raz\u00f3n de su color. <\/p>\n<p>Nota: Estamos todos extra\u00f1ados con el despido (pues no hubo renuncia) de la columnista Claudia L\u00f3pez de El Tiempo. \u00bfQu\u00e9 dir\u00e1 la Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa sobre ese hecho? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Latin America will only be worldwide recognized insofar it is faithful to its mestizo and mulatto identities<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-globalization","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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