{"id":26518,"date":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-12-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/desobey-or-not-comply\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:33:24","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:33:24","slug":"desobey-or-not-comply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/desobey-or-not-comply\/","title":{"rendered":"Desobey or not-comply"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>EL SIGUIENTE ES UN PASAJE DE EL Quijote: \u201cSe\u00f1ores guardas \u2014dice el Ingenioso Hidalgo\u2014 estos pobres no han cometido nada contra vosotros; all\u00e1 se lo haya cada cual con su pecado.<\/p>\n<p>Dios hay en el cielo que no se descuida de castigar al malo ni de premiar al bueno y no es bien que los hombres honrados sean verdugos de los otros hombres\u2026\u201d. Jorge Luis Borges cita este pasaje como prueba del poco aprecio que los espa\u00f1oles ten\u00edan por la autoridad y por la ley cuando ellas entraban en conflicto con sus propios intereses o con sus creencias y de lo mucho que los latinoamericanos seguimos unidos a Espa\u00f1a en este asunto.<\/p>\n<p>Me pregunto si nuestro menosprecio por la ley, que se refleja en lo dicho por el Quijote, no se manifiesta tambi\u00e9n en el lenguaje, es decir, en las palabras que usamos para referirnos a los actos contrarios a la ley. La palabra que m\u00e1s usamos para describir eso es \u201cincumplir\u201d. En otros idiomas, en cambio, la palabra \u201cincumplimiento\u201d suele ser m\u00e1s espec\u00edfica y de uso menos frecuente. En ingl\u00e9s, por ejemplo, esa palabra (non compliance) designa algo que no resulta conforme con un par\u00e1metro o algo que no se ha llevado a cabo seg\u00fan lo establecido. Para expresar en ingl\u00e9s \u2014lo mismo pasa en franc\u00e9s o en italiano\u2014 el hecho de que alguien no acata la ley se usa sobre todo la palabra \u201cdesobedecer\u201d (desobedience) o la palabra \u201cirrespetar\u201d (non respect) que ponen de presente una relaci\u00f3n de autoridad.<\/p>\n<p>Dicho brevemente, para nosotros el violador de la ley es un incumplidor mientras que para los dem\u00e1s es un desobediente. Me pregunto si esa diferencia dice algo sobre nuestra manera de ser (y la de los espa\u00f1oles). Mi hip\u00f3tesis, aunque quisiera que alg\u00fan socioling\u00fcista me la confirmara o al menos me sacara del error, es que nuestra preferencia por la palabra \u201cincumplimiento\u201d refleja algo de ese menosprecio por la ley al que se refer\u00eda Borges. Me explico.<\/p>\n<p>El incumplimiento y la desobediencia suponen dos tipos de relaci\u00f3n con la autoridad. En la primera, la relaci\u00f3n es m\u00e1s entre iguales, mientras que en la segunda es m\u00e1s entre alguien que tiene autoridad y alguien que no la tiene. As\u00ed por ejemplo, decimos que alguien cumple un contrato y que alguien obedece a un padre de familia. Pues bien, no deja de ser curioso que cuando se trata de describir el comportamiento de los ciudadanos frente a la ley, nosotros, a diferencia de otras culturas, prefiramos la palabra cumplimiento, que refleja igualdad, en lugar de obediencia o respeto, que reflejan jerarqu\u00eda y autoridad. \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde viene eso?<\/p>\n<p>No estoy seguro, pero es muy posible que esa preferencia venga de la Colonia y de una concepci\u00f3n de la sociedad en donde la religi\u00f3n, la familia y el individuo ten\u00edan mucha m\u00e1s importancia que la ley. La autoridad era sobre todo la autoridad moral, la que ven\u00eda de la familia o de la religi\u00f3n. La relaci\u00f3n con la ley, en cambio, era una relaci\u00f3n menos fuerte, m\u00e1s entre iguales, entre intereses que pod\u00edan incluso estar leg\u00edtimamente en pugna. En Espa\u00f1a y sus colonias hab\u00eda muchos individuos que no respetaban a la autoridad porque ella \u201cno era nadie frente a Dios\u201d y la autoridad era complaciente con los criminales porque \u201cya tendr\u00e1n quien los juzgue\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Quiz\u00e1s esto ayude a explicar mejor la buena intuici\u00f3n que ten\u00eda Borges y m\u00e1s concretamente, el menosprecio que, tanto los ciudadanos como los gobernantes en Colombia, experimentamos frente a las obligaciones legales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For us (colombians) the offender does not comply with the Law, whereas for others he  disobeys it.  I ask myself whether that difference says something about the way we are (and that of the Spaniards). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Desobey or not-comply - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/desobedecer-o-incumplir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Desobey or not-comply\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For us (colombians) the offender does not comply with the Law, whereas for others he disobeys it. 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