{"id":26520,"date":"2009-12-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-12-06T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-importance-of-the-attorney-general\/"},"modified":"2009-12-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2009-12-06T05:00:00","slug":"the-importance-of-the-attorney-general","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-importance-of-the-attorney-general\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance of the Attorney General"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El enfrentamiento entre la Corte Suprema y el Presidente sobre la elecci\u00f3n del Fiscal lleva varios meses y puede parecer una aburrida telenovela. Pero el asunto es dram\u00e1ticamente serio, por sus consecuencias para el pa\u00eds.  <\/p>\n<p>El Fiscal General no s\u00f3lo es un funcionario poderoso sino que, adem\u00e1s, por la actual coyuntura que vivimos,  sus actuaciones tendr\u00e1n una incidencia decisiva en casos trascendentales.  Por ejemplo, las investigaciones de justicia y paz y aquellas contra miembros de las FARC o del ELN. Tambi\u00e9n, la Fiscal\u00eda debe esclarecer las chuzadas del DAS, que han persistido, o casos de corrupci\u00f3n de alto nivel, como los relativos a las regal\u00edas. Adem\u00e1s debe investigar los m\u00e1s de 2.000 mal llamados \u201cfalsos positivos\u201d, en donde miembros del ej\u00e9rcito secuestraron a civiles, los mataron y los hicieron pasar como guerrilleros.<\/p>\n<p>Pero eso no es todo; en el sistema penal rutinario \u2013el de los delitos que no salen en los peri\u00f3dicos pero que afectan de manera profunda la vida de los colombianos \u2013 los retos son tambi\u00e9n formidables. El nuevo fiscal debe evitar el colapso del sistema acusatorio. Y esto no es poca cosa en un pa\u00eds en donde la impunidad, por m\u00e1s discrepancias que existan acerca de c\u00f3mo se mide, sigue siendo exageradamente alta. <\/p>\n<p>Es cierto que la Fiscal\u00eda es una instituci\u00f3n grande, compuesta por personas en general competentes y bien intencionadas. Muchas de ellas han tenido incluso comportamientos heroicos. Eso har\u00eda pensar que la Fiscal\u00eda anda sola sin importar qui\u00e9n manda.  Pero eso no es cierto. Sus resultados dependen mucho del Fiscal General: \u00e9l o ella define c\u00f3mo repartir recursos escasos y fija las estrategias para las distintas unidades o seccionales. Adem\u00e1s, el Fiscal es directamente responsable de los casos que involucran altos funcionarios.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso es peligroso que la Fiscal\u00eda est\u00e9 en interinidad o, mucho peor a\u00fan, que se no se logre la elecci\u00f3n de un buen fiscal. <\/p>\n<p>A nivel comparado, en muchos pa\u00edses, como Francia, el Fiscal hace parte del gobierno, pero en otros, como Italia, la Fiscal\u00eda es independiente.  En Colombia se opt\u00f3 por un fiscal independiente, pues no se quer\u00eda que \u00e9ste fuera un detective del gobierno. El fiscal ten\u00eda que ser aut\u00f3nomo para que pudiera investigar los eventuales atropellos del gobierno y no fuera un instrumento gubernamental de persecuci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. <\/p>\n<p>Esta decisi\u00f3n explica el sistema de elecci\u00f3n adoptado; el presidente presenta una terna y la Corte Suprema escoge. <\/p>\n<p>El Presidente Uribe present\u00f3 su terna a comienzos de julio con personas que le son muy cercanas y que no son buenos conocedores del sistema penal.  La Corte Suprema la consider\u00f3 inviable y no seleccion\u00f3 a nadie, pero no explic\u00f3 por escrito sus razones. En los \u00faltimos dos meses, dos de los ternados renunciaron y, al momento de escribir ese art\u00edculo, uno de ellos hab\u00eda sido reemplazado. Pero no hay claridad de que esos cambios lleven a la Corte a aceptar la terna. <\/p>\n<p>Este enfrentamiento es complejo pues a nivel formal los integrantes de la terna cumplen con los requisitos m\u00ednimos exigidos por la Constituci\u00f3n, con lo cual la terna ser\u00eda en principio v\u00e1lida. Pero a nivel sustantivo el asunto no es tan simple. El sistema de nombramiento tambi\u00e9n supone que la Corte pueda seleccionar de una terna id\u00f3nea, que le brinde confianza a todo el mundo. Si para la Corte ning\u00fan candidato es apto para el cargo, no se puede forzar a los magistrados a elegir a uno de ellos. <\/p>\n<p>Las posibles razones de la Corte distan de ser menores. Primero, est\u00e1 la falta de conocimientos penales  de los aspirantes. Algunos dir\u00e1n que ni Valdivieso, ni Osorio, ni de Greiff eran penalistas y fueron sin embargo electos fiscales. Lo que pasa es que ahora, a diferencia de antes, el Fiscal General tiene que participar directamente en audiencias orales contra altos funcionarios, por lo cual requiere mayores conocimientos jur\u00eddicos penales. Y en todo caso el fiscal debe conocer bien el funcionamiento del sistema penal. <\/p>\n<p>Pero tal vez el argumento m\u00e1s importante es el de la independencia.  Aunque su designaci\u00f3n es pol\u00edtica, se espera que el Fiscal tome decisiones aut\u00f3nomas frente a quien lo nomin\u00f3 y eligi\u00f3.  Dicho deber es fundamental en esta situaci\u00f3n, pues muchas investigaciones en curso \u2013como las de las chuzadas del DAS- requieren que la Fiscal\u00eda sea independiente del gobierno. Esa exigencia de independencia es a\u00fan mayor por los riesgos de una eventual segunda reelecci\u00f3n. Y el problema es que los candidatos parecen muy cercanos al Presidente. <\/p>\n<p>\u00bfHay salidas para esta sin salida?<\/p>\n<p>Parece no haber una salida jur\u00eddica a este conflicto pues no hay un medio claro para obligar a los magistrados a escoger ni al Presidente a que haga una nueva terna. Una acci\u00f3n de cumplimiento dif\u00edcilmente operar\u00eda aqu\u00ed. Pero la persistencia del enfrentamiento es muy grave institucionalmente. <\/p>\n<p>Existen tal vez mecanismos informales que podr\u00edan solucionar el impase. Una posibilidad es que la Corte motive p\u00fablicamente por qu\u00e9 la terna es inviable, lo cual aclarar\u00eda los requisitos que deber\u00edan cumplir los aspirantes.  Este paso facilitar\u00eda eventuales nuevas renuncias pues los aspirantes entender\u00edan que la inviabilidad de la terna no implica en s\u00ed misma un cuestionamiento \u00e9tico contra ellos.  El Presidente podr\u00eda entonces presentar una terna satisfactoria, sin sentir que fueron desconocidas sus prerrogativas. Y eso es factible pues, a pesar de la actual polarizaci\u00f3n, es posible encontrar en Colombia m\u00e1s de tres personas conocedoras del sistema penal, que sean suficientemente independientes e imparciales para dar confianza al Presidente, a la Corte y al pa\u00eds en general. En todo caso, lo que todos esperamos es que finalmente se elija a un buen o buena fiscal. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The confrontation between the Supreme Court and the President over the election of the Attorney has been going on for several months and it may appear to be a boring soap opera. Yet, the issue is extremely serious due to the consequences it has for the country. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-tiempo-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The importance of the Attorney General - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-importance-of-the-attorney-general\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The importance of the Attorney General\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The confrontation between the Supreme Court and the President over the election of the Attorney has been going on for several months and it may appear to be a boring soap opera. 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