{"id":26570,"date":"2010-02-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-02-05T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:34:03","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:34:03","slug":"masters-and-phd-degrees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/","title":{"rendered":"Master&#8217;s and PhD degrees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DIEGO GAMBETTA, PROFESOR DE LA Universidad de Oxford y muy reconocido por sus estudios sobre mafia, cuenta que en una ocasi\u00f3n lo invitaron a dictar un seminario de 15 horas en una universidad de Mil\u00e1n, su ciudad natal.<\/p>\n<p>Me ofrecieron una paga de 900 euros, dice Gambetta, pero yo sab\u00eda, por mi experiencia anterior en este tipo de seminarios en Italia, que no me iban a pagar los 900 euros prometidos, sino unos 600, y eso debido a deducciones y a otras razones que yo nunca iba a poder entender; pero tambi\u00e9n sab\u00eda que, en el terreno, los organizadores no me iban a exigir que dictara las 15 horas previstas, sino algo as\u00ed como 13.<\/p>\n<p>Con mucha frecuencia, explica Gambetta, los negocios acad\u00e9micos en Italia son de ese tipo: cada parte promete algo excelente (E) pero entrega algo mediocre (M). No es que los profesores y las universidades hagan trampa cuando prometen E y entregan M, sino que, en realidad, lo que quieren ambos es M, y eso porque all\u00ed, en M, encuentran un punto de equilibrio. Entre ellos hay, pues, un acuerdo no declarado que dice m\u00e1s o menos esto: \u201cyo conf\u00edo en que usted no cumplir\u00e1 lo prometido porque yo quiero tener la libertad de no tener que cumplir con lo m\u00edo\u201d. M\u00e1s a\u00fan, el sistema funciona de tal manera que aquellos que prometen E y entregan E, o peor a\u00fan aquellos que prometen M y entregan E, son vistos \u2014por sapos\u2014 como jugadores que quebrantan la confianza que los dem\u00e1s depositaron en ellos.<\/p>\n<p>Este tipo de acuerdos acad\u00e9micos para garantizar la mediocridad sin abandonar la oratoria de la excelencia, son muy frecuentes en Colombia. Sobre todo ahora que se puso de moda estudiar maestr\u00edas y doctorados. Los programas de especializaci\u00f3n, destinados al perfeccionamiento profesional, est\u00e1n siendo reemplazados por las maestr\u00edas y los doctorados, que son mucho m\u00e1s exigentes porque requieren investigaci\u00f3n para producir conocimiento nuevo. Entre 2001 y 2008 el n\u00famero de programas de maestr\u00edas creci\u00f3 en un 59,7% y el de doctorados en 137,5%.<\/p>\n<p>Hay sin duda razones acad\u00e9micas que explican ese crecimiento, pero sobre todo hay razones econ\u00f3micas. En Colombia, a diferencia de lo que sucede en los pa\u00edses desarrollados, la gran mayor\u00eda de los estudiantes de maestr\u00eda y de doctorado, sobre todo en derecho, ciencias sociales, administraci\u00f3n y econom\u00eda, son profesionales que pagan matr\u00edculas costosas con la esperanza de que el t\u00edtulo les sirva para mejorar sus sueldos. Las universidades, a su turno, no s\u00f3lo reciben recursos importantes, sino que obtienen prestigio y acreditaci\u00f3n ante Colciencias.<\/p>\n<p>El negocio funciona bien; la academia no tanto. Ni los programas cuentan con los profesores, laboratorios y recursos para hacer las investigaciones que se requieren en maestr\u00eda y doctorado, ni los alumnos tienen tiempo para estudiar, menos a\u00fan para investigar. Resultado, a pesar de las buenas intenciones de todo el mundo, las maestr\u00edas y los doctorados se parecen a las especializaciones de siempre, s\u00f3lo que prolongadas en el tiempo. Los t\u00edtulos que all\u00ed se entregan son m\u00e1s galardones para el prestigio social y profesional \u2014como los t\u00edtulos de nobleza\u2014 que documentos que acrediten conocimiento.<\/p>\n<p>Como el negocio funciona tan bien, todos los que participan en \u00e9l, profesores, decanos, estudiantes, rectores, etc., se acomodan, es decir, juegan al juego de prometer E y entregar M. Hay excepciones, por supuesto, pero son eso, excepciones.<\/p>\n<p>Alguien me dir\u00e1 que es mejor tener M que no tener nada; es verdad, yo no me opongo a que tengamos M, a lo que me opongo es a decir que, al menos por ahora, tenemos E.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Colombia, agreements to ensure academic mediocrity without leaving the oratory of excellence are common. Especially now that obtaining master&#8217;s and PhD degrees became fashionable. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Master&#039;s and PhD degrees - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Master&#039;s and PhD degrees\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Colombia, agreements to ensure academic mediocrity without leaving the oratory of excellence are common. Especially now that obtaining master&#039;s and PhD degrees became fashionable.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\"},\"headline\":\"Master&#8217;s and PhD degrees\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\"},\"wordCount\":626,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2010\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\",\"name\":\"Master's and PhD degrees - Dejusticia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Master&#8217;s and PhD degrees\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"description\":\"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Dejusticia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6\",\"name\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Master's and PhD degrees - Dejusticia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Master's and PhD degrees","og_description":"In Colombia, agreements to ensure academic mediocrity without leaving the oratory of excellence are common. Especially now that obtaining master's and PhD degrees became fashionable.","og_url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/","og_site_name":"Dejusticia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","article_published_time":"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00","author":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@dejusticia","twitter_site":"@dejusticia","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","NewsArticle"],"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/"},"author":{"name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6"},"headline":"Master&#8217;s and PhD degrees","datePublished":"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/"},"wordCount":626,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2010","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/","name":"Master's and PhD degrees - Dejusticia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2010-02-05T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:34:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/masters-and-phd-degrees\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Master&#8217;s and PhD degrees"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","name":"Dejusticia","description":"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization","name":"Dejusticia","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Dejusticia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d5933ad4c269c4b6c2acbf717ceeb0d6","name":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6789652e6645cb6eabc2b7e10095952474013398635e5aade12b153e3571a300?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Mauricio Garc\u00eda Villegas"},"url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/mauricio-garcia-villegas\/"}]}},"views":160,"translations":[{"en":{"translation_id":"10138","language_code":"en","element_id":"26570","source_language_code":"es","element_type":"post_post","original":"0","post_title":"Master's and PhD degrees","post_status":"publish"},"es":{"translation_id":"10137","language_code":"es","element_id":"26569","source_language_code":null,"element_type":"post_post","original":"1","post_title":"Maestr\u00edas y doctorados","post_status":"publish"}}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26570\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}