{"id":26686,"date":"2010-05-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-05-31T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-vote-the-fear-and-the-hope\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:35:44","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:35:44","slug":"the-vote-the-fear-and-the-hope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-vote-the-fear-and-the-hope\/","title":{"rendered":"The vote, the fear and the hope"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;LA GENTE RESPONDE M\u00c1S AL MIEdo que al amor&#8221;, dijo Richard Nixon hace tiempo, al explicar por qu\u00e9 sus campa\u00f1as pol\u00edticas buscaban sembrar dudas y temores en los electores.<\/p>\n<p>Nixon sab\u00eda lo que dec\u00eda. Al fin y al cabo, pas\u00f3 a la historia como el padre del juego sucio, en el que andaba cuando lo cogieron con las manos en la masa espiando a sus rivales en el hotel Watergate.<\/p>\n<p>Los gur\u00faes de la estrategia pol\u00edtica y la propaganda negra tienen clar\u00edsima la lecci\u00f3n de Nixon: si no puedes convencer a tus votantes, as\u00fastalos. Por eso el miedo se col\u00f3 en las elecciones presidenciales colombianas: el susto al \u201csalto al vac\u00edo\u201d que pregonan los jinetes del apocalipsis, esas fichas del Gobierno que pasan por columnistas independientes.<\/p>\n<p>Los sorprendentes resultados de las elecciones del domingo ya han sido comentados por los analistas electorales de profesi\u00f3n. Que los primivotantes no salieron el domingo, explican. Que los verdes cometieron errores costosos, a\u00f1aden. Y recuerdan que las maquinarias de la U est\u00e1n bien aceitadas, que el pa\u00eds sigue derechizado y que la popularidad de Uribe es m\u00e1s endosable de lo que se pensaba.<\/p>\n<p>Tienen raz\u00f3n los comentaristas, pero creo que su explicaci\u00f3n es incompleta. Yo, que no me dedico al an\u00e1lisis electoral sino al social, lanzo una hip\u00f3tesis adicional: la estrategia del miedo funcion\u00f3 en la primera vuelta. En las \u00faltimas semanas, mucha gente que iba a votar por Mockus simplemente se aculill\u00f3 y cambi\u00f3 su candidato; o record\u00f3 el consejo popular de \u201cante la duda, abstente\u201d y no sali\u00f3 a votar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfMiedo a qu\u00e9? A los cocos que siguen eligiendo presidentes en Colombia. Pavor a las Farc, cuyo efecto perverso se cuenta no s\u00f3lo en muertes y secuestros, sino en la perpetuaci\u00f3n de una clase pol\u00edtica corrupta. Recelo frente a Ch\u00e1vez, quien en su oto\u00f1o patriarcal precisa colegas beligerantes en el vecindario que le ayuden a justificar su existencia. Recelo frente a lo desconocido, as\u00ed sea absurdo, como los cuentos de horror sobre la pederastia o el ate\u00edsmo de los verdes.<\/p>\n<p>El problema es que el temor es un p\u00e9simo consejero en la toma de decisiones, como lo han mostrado los psic\u00f3logos y los economistas. Por ejemplo, el trabajo cl\u00e1sico de Daniel Kahneman, que le vali\u00f3 el Nobel de Econom\u00eda en 2002, muestra que los seres humanos tomamos opciones irracionales por miedo a perder algo y que nos importa mucho m\u00e1s no experimentar una p\u00e9rdida que lograr una ganancia. Puesto en cristiano, la sabidur\u00eda popular ya lo hab\u00eda dicho: m\u00e1s vale malo conocido que bueno por conocer.<\/p>\n<p>Los pol\u00edticos tradicionales y sus estrategas saben esto muy bien. Por eso el miedo es la carta que se juegan en lances dif\u00edciles. Basta recordar c\u00f3mo Bush logr\u00f3 la reelecci\u00f3n de su lamentable gobierno asustando a los estadounidenses con la guerra de Irak. De hecho, la cultura pol\u00edtica norteamericana est\u00e1 dominada por el temor, como lo ha mostrado el soci\u00f3logo Barry Glassner en un conocido libro, La cultura del miedo: por qu\u00e9 los estadounidenses les temen a las cosas equivocadas. La respuesta de Glassner a la pregunta del t\u00edtulo es contundente: \u201cporque aquellos que activan nuestras inseguridades morales, ganan con ello poder y riquezas inmensos\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Los mercenarios de la angustia, los estrategas de la propaganda negra criolla, conocen todo esto de primera mano y son expertos en el arte de oprimir los botones del temor. Por eso, el miedo es una de las emociones decisivas en estas elecciones. Tambi\u00e9n por eso la otra emoci\u00f3n clave es su \u00fanico ant\u00eddoto conocido: la esperanza. En \u00faltimas, las cifras de la segunda vuelta depender\u00e1n, al menos en parte, de si los indecisos votan asustados o esperanzados.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;People respond more to fear than love&#8221; said Richard Nixon long ago, explaining why his political campaigns sought to sow doubts and fears in the electorate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The vote, the fear and the hope - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The vote, the fear and the hope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;People respond more to fear than love&quot; said Richard Nixon long ago, explaining why his political campaigns sought to sow doubts and fears in the electorate.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-05-31T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:35:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\"},\"headline\":\"The vote, the fear and the hope\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-05-31T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:35:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\"},\"wordCount\":659,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2010\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/el-voto-el-miedo-y-la-esperanza\/\",\"name\":\"The vote, the fear and the hope - 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