{"id":26782,"date":"2010-10-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-04T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/success-and-silences-of-the-health-reform\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:37:09","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:37:09","slug":"success-and-silences-of-the-health-reform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/success-and-silences-of-the-health-reform\/","title":{"rendered":"Success and silences of the health reform"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA SEMANA PASADA, MIENTRAS LOS medios persegu\u00edan la chiva judicial de turno, el Gobierno propon\u00eda la reforma a la salud m\u00e1s importante en 17 a\u00f1os, que mantiene el modelo de la Ley 100 de 1993 pero le hace ajustes claves.<\/p>\n<p>El sistema de salud es uno de los temas esenciales de cualquier sociedad y en otras latitudes copar\u00eda el debate nacional. As\u00ed que habr\u00e1 que seguirle la pista al tema y comenzar por mirar lo que dice y lo que no dice el borrador de propuesta gubernamental.<\/p>\n<p>Comencemos por lo que dice. La idea general es racionalizar el funcionamiento del sistema. Hasta ahora, los jueces han tenido que tapar con parches el anacronismo y los vac\u00edos del Plan Obligatorio de Salud (POS), mediante miles de tutelas interpuestas por los pacientes a los que las EPS les niegan tratamientos y medicamentos (incluyendo muchos que est\u00e1n en el POS), que luego las EPS recobran al Estado (Fosyga). En el medio se ha formado todo un mercado de la viveza y, en algunos casos, de la corrupci\u00f3n. Las drogas son recobradas al Estado a precios astron\u00f3micos, para beneficio de la red de intermediarios, las EPS y las farmac\u00e9uticas, que exprimen la ineficiencia del sistema. De ah\u00ed la cifra escandalosa de $1,2 billones en recobros en 2009, que este a\u00f1o casi se duplicar\u00e1, seg\u00fan Dinero.<\/p>\n<p>Ante esto, el proyecto de ley acierta al intentar cerrar el boquete, a trav\u00e9s de dos mecanismos. Primero, el POS ser\u00eda actualizado cada dos a\u00f1os, de tal forma que sea el punto de referencia para lo que se puede y lo que no se puede otorgar. Segundo, cuando el tratamiento o el medicamento que un galeno considere \u201cpertinente\u201d para su paciente no est\u00e9 incluido en el POS, el caso llegar\u00eda al Comit\u00e9 T\u00e9cnico-Cient\u00edfico de la EPS (como sucede ahora). La innovaci\u00f3n consiste en que, si el Comit\u00e9 niega la petici\u00f3n, el caso es decidido por la Superintendencia de Salud, que reemplazar\u00eda (al menos parcialmente) a los jueces de tutela.<\/p>\n<p>El proyecto trata otros temas, la mayor\u00eda bien encaminados, como el prop\u00f3sito de unificar gradualmente el POS de los reg\u00edmenes contributivo y subsidiado. Pero tambi\u00e9n hay que se\u00f1alar lo que no dice y las preguntas que deja. Primero, como lo dijo en su blog el economista Francisco Azuero, no se aclara de d\u00f3nde vendr\u00e1n los recursos adicionales para financiar el nuevo sistema. La propuesta establece que el valor de las prestaciones no previstas en el POS que sean otorgadas por los CTC o la Superintendencia ser\u00e1 incluido en las primas que se pagan a las aseguradoras (las EPS). El problema es que, seg\u00fan Azuero, esto puede aumentar en cerca de un 25% el valor de esas primas. \u00bfQui\u00e9n va a pagar este aumento? Si es el Gobierno, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se evitar\u00eda crear un boquete distinto al que quiere cerrar? Si son las empresas y los trabajadores a trav\u00e9s de sus cotizaciones, \u00bfc\u00f3mo no recargar las contribuciones parafiscales? Y si son todos los colombianos a trav\u00e9s de un IVA, \u00bfc\u00f3mo hacerlo sin aumentar impuestos, como lo prometi\u00f3 el Presidente en la campa\u00f1a?<\/p>\n<p>Segundo, el proyecto guarda silencio sobre la otra fuente del desangre financiero del sistema de salud, que La Silla Vac\u00eda ha documentado en una serie brillante de reportajes. Se trata de los precios exorbitantes de los medicamentos en Colombia, producto del sistema de libertad que estableci\u00f3 el gobierno Uribe y que este gobierno odeber\u00eda revisar.<\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, queda la pregunta sobre el futuro de la tutela. Por ahora, yo no estar\u00eda tan seguro de que la Superintendencia, al menos con su capacidad actual, vaya a resolver adecuadamente todos los l\u00edos de los tratamientos y medicamentos. Ni que lo vaya a hacer teniendo en cuenta la normativa nacional e internacional de derechos humanos. Por tanto es posible, y deseable, mantener un margen para la tutela, que quedar\u00eda as\u00ed reducida a sus justas proporciones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LAST WEEK, WHILE the media chased the judicial new of the moment, the Government proposed the most important health reform in 17 years, which maintains the model of Law 100 of 1993 but makes key adjustments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Success and silences of the health reform - 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