{"id":26988,"date":"2011-05-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-05-09T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-armed-conflict-in-colombia\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:40:39","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:40:39","slug":"the-armed-conflict-in-colombia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-armed-conflict-in-colombia\/","title":{"rendered":"The armed conflict in Colombia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>LA TESIS URIBISTA DE QUE EN COlombia no existe un conflicto armado sino una amenaza terrorista contra la democracia no resiste el menor examen, pues es falsa emp\u00edricamente y se funda en equ\u00edvocos conceptuales.<\/p>\n<p>Existen b\u00e1sicamente dos perspectivas que han intentado establecer qu\u00e9 es un conflicto armado no internacional: los estudios sobre la paz y el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH).<\/p>\n<p>La norma fundamental aqu\u00ed es el Protocolo II de 1977, que es exigente, pues establece que para hablar de conflicto armado es necesario que existan i) enfrentamientos entre el Estado y fuerzas armadas disidentes, las cuales ii) deben tener mando responsable y iii) control territorial suficiente para realizar operaciones militares y iv) poder aplicar el DIH.<\/p>\n<p>Estos elementos se cumplen en Colombia: las Farc, por ejemplo, tienen una estructura jerarquizada suficiente para hablar de un mando responsable. Han tenido igualmente el control territorial se\u00f1alado por el DIH, pues \u00e9ste no exige que el Ej\u00e9rcito no pueda entrar en la zona de influencia guerrillera sino que \u00e9sta tenga una presencia territorial suficiente para realizar operaciones militares organizadas. Y las Farc siguen realizando operaciones militares continuas y durante a\u00f1os han tenido secuestrados a numerosos militares y civiles. \u00bfPuede entonces alguien dudar de que ese grupo guerrillero tiene un control territorial suficiente para aplicar las normas humanitarias? Otra cosa obviamente es que las Farc se nieguen a aplicarlas, pues los secuestros, las minas antipersona o los reclutamientos de menores son infracciones graves al DIH.<\/p>\n<p>Es claro que en Colombia existe emp\u00edricamente un conflicto armado. Pero adem\u00e1s, contrario a lo dicho por el uribismo, aceptar ese hecho no impide criticar las terribles acciones de las guerrillas o de los \u2018paras\u2019, ni implica jur\u00eddicamente otorgarles estatus de beligerancia, la cual exige otros requisitos, que no puedo detallar en esta columna. No hay entonces nada contradictorio en aceptar que en Colombia existe un conflicto armado y afirmar al mismo tiempo que ni las guerrillas ni los \u2018paras\u2019 son beligerantes y que sus acciones son atroces e ileg\u00edtimas.<\/p>\n<p>Es pues un acto extremo de terquedad ideol\u00f3gica negarse a aceptar que Colombia sufre un doloroso conflicto armado. Por el contrario, reconocer su existencia parece un paso imprescindible si queremos alg\u00fan d\u00eda superarlo. Por eso es importante que tanto el Congreso, en la ley de v\u00edctimas, como el presidente Santos acepten que en Colombia ha habido conflicto armado desde hace rato.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The uribist thesis that affirms that Colombia does not undergo an armed conflict but a terrorist threat against democracy does not stand examination, is empirically false, and is based on conceptual misunderstandings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The armed conflict in Colombia - 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