{"id":27102,"date":"2011-08-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-08-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:42:30","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:42:30","slug":"when-protesting-is-a-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/","title":{"rendered":"When protesting is a crime"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cEl poder de censura est\u00e1 en el pueblo sobre el gobierno, y no en el gobierno sobre el pueblo\u201d. Lo dijo James Madison hace m\u00e1s de dos siglos, pero incluso hoy, ciertos gobernantes que se precian de honrar la democracia prefieren leer esta m\u00e1xima al rev\u00e9s. Basta recordar la reacci\u00f3n del gobierno chileno el pasado 4 de agosto frente a la movilizaci\u00f3n de estudiantes que reclaman el derecho a una educaci\u00f3n p\u00fablica gratuita. Primero neg\u00f3 la autorizaci\u00f3n para la realizaci\u00f3n de una marcha por la principal avenida de Santiago. A pesar de la negativa, los estudiantes salieron a protestar. La respuesta fue la disoluci\u00f3n del acto a punta de golpes, gases lacrim\u00f3genos y de la detenci\u00f3n de centenas de manifestantes.<\/p>\n<p>Con menos estruendo, en Colombia se perfil\u00f3 algo similar, ya no con garrote ni gases, sino con la amenaza de la ley penal. Hace poco m\u00e1s de un mes, el Congreso colombiano aprob\u00f3 una norma (C\u00f3digo Penal, art\u00edculo 353A) que establece una pena de veinticuatro a cuarenta y ocho meses de prisi\u00f3n para aquellos que obstruyan las v\u00edas de transporte en el curso de protestas que no hayan sido previamente autorizadas. <\/p>\n<p>Varias razones muestran el talante antidemocr\u00e1tico de esta norma. Primero: sigue al pie de la letra las reglas de estilo del derecho penal autoritario: es indeterminada y ambigua de tal modo que cualquiera que tome parte en un bloqueo puede verse expuesto a un proceso penal. Por ejemplo, se indica que la pena procede cuando con el bloqueo se \u201catente contra la vida humana, la salud p\u00fablica, la seguridad alimentaria, el medio ambiente o el derecho al trabajo\u201d. Dada la variedad y amplitud de estos conceptos, as\u00ed como la tendencia por parte de algunos jueces de hacer un uso extensivo del derecho penal en casos de protesta social, bastar\u00eda con que los manifestantes impidan o dificulten que algunas personas lleguen a su sitio de trabajo para que su acto sea criminalizado. <\/p>\n<p>Segundo: la norma fue incluida en la ley de seguridad ciudadana, un estatuto orientado a combatir la criminalidad organizada, el terrorismo y la delincuencia com\u00fan. Esto refleja que quienes protestan no son vistos como ciudadanos que ejercen sus derechos, sino como delincuentes que atentan contra la seguridad. Peor a\u00fan: como enemigos de la sociedad y del Estado. <\/p>\n<p>Tercero: la norma dice que se excluyen las movilizaciones realizadas con permiso de la autoridad competente. Aunque el C\u00f3digo Nacional de Polic\u00eda dispone que para llevar a cabo una manifestaci\u00f3n solo se requiere avisar por escrito con cuarenta y ocho horas de anticipaci\u00f3n, la nueva norma da a entender que no basta con dar aviso para no incurrir en el delito, sino que adem\u00e1s se tiene que contar con una autorizaci\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Cuarto: desconoce que en una democracia, la calle, adem\u00e1s de ser un espacio para la circulaci\u00f3n de personas y bienes, es un escenario para la manifestaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. Por eso no se reconoce el conflicto entre los derechos de quienes usan la calle para circular y de quienes lo hacen para protestar, sino que se asume que solo los primeros tienen derechos que son puestos en riesgo por los segundos. Los primeros son ciudadanos; los segundos, delincuentes. <\/p>\n<p>En un pa\u00eds como el nuestro con grandes d\u00e9ficits de representaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica y con una extendida ausencia de garant\u00eda de derechos sociales, la protesta social es una forma de reivindicaci\u00f3n no solo leg\u00edtima, sino necesaria. De otra parte, la regulaci\u00f3n de las manifestaciones p\u00fablicas contenida en el C\u00f3digo de Polic\u00eda da a las autoridades las herramientas suficientes para evitar que los bloqueos afecten los derechos de los dem\u00e1s ciudadanos. Igualmente, el C\u00f3digo Penal, tal como estaba antes, resultaba suficiente para sancionar los actos desmedidos de violencia que se den en el curso de una protesta. <\/p>\n<p>Por esto, acudir al derecho penal para reprimir una forma de protesta es totalmente desmedido. La democracia colombiana no requiere penas contra quienes protesten, sino m\u00e1s ciudadanos en las calles manifest\u00e1ndose a favor de la salud y en contra de la corrupci\u00f3n, m\u00e1s mingas ind\u00edgenas por el medio ambiente, m\u00e1s movilizaciones estudiantiles por el derecho a la educaci\u00f3n. En definitiva, m\u00e1s censura del pueblo sobre el gobierno y menos represi\u00f3n social. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Colombian democracy needs more censorship from people to the government and less social repression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>When protesting is a crime - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When protesting is a crime\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Colombian democracy needs more censorship from people to the government and less social repression.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-08-12T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:42:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Luz Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Luz Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Luz Mar\u00eda S\u00e1nchez\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/488349e87bf87d7b0ed397221069ce4f\"},\"headline\":\"When protesting is a crime\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-08-12T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:42:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\"},\"wordCount\":750,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2011\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/when-protesting-is-a-crime\/\",\"name\":\"When protesting is a crime - 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