{"id":27268,"date":"2011-11-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-11-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-reform-to-the-military-criminal-law\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:44:41","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:44:41","slug":"the-reform-to-the-military-criminal-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-reform-to-the-military-criminal-law\/","title":{"rendered":"The reform to the military criminal law"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El martes pasado, la Plenaria del Senado aprob\u00f3 en segundo debate el art\u00edculo de la reforma constitucional a la justicia en el que se determina que todas las acciones de la Fuerza P\u00fablica ser\u00e1n juzgadas por la justicia penal militar.<\/p>\n<p>En la reforma se establece que \u201cen todo caso, se presume la relaci\u00f3n con el servicio en las operaciones y procedimientos de la Fuerza P\u00fablica.\u201d A continuaci\u00f3n se dispone que \u201ccuando en estas situaciones haya lugar al ejercicio de la acci\u00f3n penal, la misma se adelantar\u00e1 por la Justicia Penal Militar y Policial\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>La reforma responde a un reclamo que, desde hace a\u00f1os, vienen presentando las Fuerzas Militares contra las limitaciones que ha impuesto la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional a la aplicaci\u00f3n del fuero penal militar. La Corte dispuso que las normas sobre el fuero deb\u00edan ser interpretadas en forma restrictiva, de manera que solamente los actos directamente relacionados con el servicio pueden ser  juzgados por los tribunales militares. Adem\u00e1s, la Corte se\u00f1al\u00f3 que en todo caso el fuero militar no se aplica a los delitos de lesa humanidad.<\/p>\n<p>Los defensores de la reforma dicen que la justicia ordinaria no est\u00e1 en condiciones de entender la l\u00f3gica de los procedimientos militares y que la limitaci\u00f3n del fuero permite que los militares sean v\u00edctimas de una \u201cguerra jur\u00eddica\u201d. Algunos tambi\u00e9n plantean que ello ha originado desmotivaci\u00f3n en las filas, con la consiguiente ausencia de resultados.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00faltima afirmaci\u00f3n es completamente contraria a la realidad. Nadie puede negar los grandes \u00e9xitos obtenidos en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en la lucha contra la guerrilla. Y esos importantes resultados se han logrado precisamente durante el per\u00edodo de vigencia de la jurisprudencia que limita el fuero penal militar.<\/p>\n<p>Tampoco existe fundamento alguno para afirmar que los jueces penales ordinarios no est\u00e1n en condiciones de comprender el desarrollo de las operaciones militares y que, por ello, pueden equivocarse o ser m\u00e1s severos al dictar sus sentencias. Para el ejercicio de sus funciones, los jueces tienen que aprender a sumergirse en materias en las que no son expertos. Por otro lado, podr\u00eda decirse que los jueces penales pueden llegar a ser m\u00e1s deferentes en sus fallos  sobre miembros de la Fuerza P\u00fablica, dado el respeto que genera el alto riesgo que estos asumen en el cumplimiento sus misiones.<\/p>\n<p>Por otra parte, no es claro que exista una guerra jur\u00eddica contra la Fuerza P\u00fablica. Pero incluso si fuera as\u00ed es necesario decir que todo funcionario p\u00fablico est\u00e1 expuesto a ser objeto de  denuncias penales y disciplinarias. Lo mismo ocurre con los militares. Y precisamente para protegerlos de ello se expidi\u00f3 la Ley 1224 de 2008, que implementa la Defensor\u00eda T\u00e9cnica de la Fuerza P\u00fablica, la cual es tambi\u00e9n pagada con los recursos del Presupuesto Nacional.<\/p>\n<p>Como se ve, no existen argumentos que justifiquen la extensi\u00f3n del fuero penal militar que dispone el art\u00edculo de la reforma judicial que cuestiono. Por el contrario, s\u00ed existen buenas razones para aconsejar que se mantenga la regulaci\u00f3n actual.<\/p>\n<p>La justicia penal militar tiene el gran problema de que no cumple con los requisitos de imparcialidad e independencia que se exigen a todo tribunal judicial. Esta caracter\u00edstica, como bien lo ha dicho la Corte Interamericana, la inhabilita para conocer sobre las acusaciones de violaci\u00f3n a los derechos humanos elevadas contra miembros de la Fuerza P\u00fablica. Y, en realidad, en la mayor parte de los casos tramitados ante la Corte Interamericana contra Colombia se observa que la justicia penal militar ha actuado, por lo menos, en forma negligente.<\/p>\n<p>Los colombianos reconocemos y apoyamos la labor que desempe\u00f1a la Fuerza P\u00fablica para la protecci\u00f3n del orden constitucional y de nuestros derechos y libertades. Pero, al mismo tiempo, incluso por el buen nombre de la Fuerza P\u00fablica, tenemos inter\u00e9s en que las acusaciones sobre violaciones a los derechos humanos por parte de miembros de la Fuerza P\u00fablica sean investigadas por organismos imparciales e independientes.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso, es necesario preservar la regulaci\u00f3n existente acerca del alcance de la justicia penal militar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Tuesday, the Plenary of the Senate approved in second debate the article of the constitutional reform of justice which determines that all actions of the Armed Forces will be judged by military courts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","subcategory-judicial-reform","medium-la-silla-vacia-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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