{"id":27274,"date":"2011-11-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-11-21T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/mapiripan-and-the-guilt-of-the-state\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:44:45","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:44:45","slug":"mapiripan-and-the-guilt-of-the-state","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/mapiripan-and-the-guilt-of-the-state\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapirip\u00e1n and the guilt of the State"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Algunos quieren entonces usar ese hecho para atenuar la responsabilidad del Estado colombiano en esa terrible masacre y atacar la labor del Sistema Interamericano y de las organizaciones de derechos humanos.<\/p>\n<p>Es grave que alguien se presente fraudulentamente como v\u00edctima en un proceso judicial. Eso ocurri\u00f3 en el caso de la se\u00f1ora Mariela Contreras quien, representada por el Colectivo de Abogados Jos\u00e9 Alvear Restrepo, obtuvo una indemnizaci\u00f3n por la supuesta desaparici\u00f3n de sus dos hijos en esa masacre. Pero sus hijos aparecieron ulteriormente.<\/p>\n<p>Ese fraude es inaceptable, pero del mismo no se desprende que la masacre no haya existido, o que el Estado colombiano no tenga responsabilidad, o que el Sistema Interamericano y el Colectivo hayan actuado tramposamente.<\/p>\n<p>La masacre existi\u00f3 y fue terrible. Del 15 al 20 de julio de 1997, unos 100 paramilitares de las Auc controlaron Mapirip\u00e1n y asesinaron y descuartizaron a todos los que consideraban c\u00f3mplices de la guerrilla. La crueldad fue extrema. As\u00ed, Jos\u00e9 Rol\u00e1n Valencia fue decapitado y su esposa Marina Sanmiguel tuvo que arrastrar con una mano su cuerpo y con la otra su cabeza para unirlos y poder sepultarlo completo.<\/p>\n<p>La responsabilidad del Estado qued\u00f3 adem\u00e1s totalmente establecida. Los paramilitares volaron desde Urab\u00e1 y aterrizaron en el aeropuerto de San Jos\u00e9 del Guaviare, dos zonas fuertemente militarizadas. Y se desplazaron sin problema hasta Mapirip\u00e1n y durante cinco d\u00edas aterrorizaron a la poblaci\u00f3n. Ni la Brigada M\u00f3vil II ni la Brigada VII, que estaban en la zona, intervinieron, a pesar de que hab\u00edan recibido informaci\u00f3n sobre la incursi\u00f3n. Por ello la Corte Interamericana concluy\u00f3 que la masacre fue ejecutada \u201ccon la colaboraci\u00f3n, aquiescencia y omisi\u00f3n de miembros del Ej\u00e9rcito\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>El n\u00famero de v\u00edctimas nunca se ha podido establecer, pues muchos cuerpos fueron descuartizados y botados al r\u00edo Guaviare. Esa incertidumbre hizo que la Corte le ordenara a Colombia hacer todo lo necesario para identificar a las v\u00edctimas ejecutadas y desaparecidas en Mapirip\u00e1n. Pero es claro que son decenas. La Corte habla de aproximadamente 49 v\u00edctimas, recogiendo la cuenta hecha por Carlos Casta\u00f1o, quien reivindic\u00f3 esa masacre como un gran triunfo.<\/p>\n<p>Si alg\u00fan d\u00eda llegamos a precisar el n\u00famero de v\u00edctimas, puede que sea menor. Pero puede ser mayor pues la Fiscal\u00eda ha encontrado evidencias de otras v\u00edctimas. Pero incluso si el n\u00famero baja un poco, no por ello la culpabilidad del Estado o de los posibles victimarios se ver\u00eda menguada, pues una cosa es la responsabilidad por la masacre, que es clara e incontrovertida, y otro el debate sobre qui\u00e9nes fueron las v\u00edctimas a ser reparadas, que est\u00e1 inconcluso.<\/p>\n<p>Esta responsabilidad fue adem\u00e1s reconocida por el propio Estado en el proceso ante la Corte Interamericana, en donde acept\u00f3 los hechos y expresamente present\u00f3 una lista de v\u00edctimas, que incluye a todos los familiares de la se\u00f1ora Mariela Contreras. Por su parte, el Colectivo de Abogados le crey\u00f3 de buena fe a la se\u00f1ora Contreras, como tambi\u00e9n le hab\u00eda cre\u00eddo la Fiscal\u00eda, quien recibi\u00f3 su testimonio y lo us\u00f3 en sus investigaciones. \u00bfEn d\u00f3nde est\u00e1n entonces las trampas del Colectivo y del Sistema Interamericano?<\/p>\n<p>Los fraudes que cometan las v\u00edctimas falsas deben ser investigados y sancionados. Y si alg\u00fan abogado es c\u00f3mplice de esas trampas, debe tambi\u00e9n ser castigado. Pero esos inaceptables enga\u00f1os no deben servir para ocultar el sufrimiento de los millones de v\u00edctimas reales que hay en Colombia, ni para minar la leg\u00edtima labor del Sistema Interamericano y de las organizaciones de derechos humanos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some people compensated by the ruling of the Inter-American Court for the slaughter of Mapirip\u00e1n turned out not to be victims.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mapirip\u00e1n and the guilt of the State - 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