{"id":27334,"date":"2012-01-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-01-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-challenges-of-land-restitution\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:45:44","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:45:44","slug":"the-challenges-of-land-restitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-challenges-of-land-restitution\/","title":{"rendered":"The challenges of land restitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La restituci\u00f3n es necesaria primero y ante todo por razones \u00e9ticas. La m\u00ednima decencia nos obliga a hacer justicia a los millones de desplazados, que fueron despojados de sus tierras y vieron sus vidas truncadas. No podemos legitimar fortunas obtenidas a costa del sufrimiento de las v\u00edctimas.<\/p>\n<p>La restituci\u00f3n es imperativa tambi\u00e9n por razones pol\u00edticas: debemos privar de sus beneficios y sus bases econ\u00f3micas a las organizaciones criminales que impulsaron el despojo. S\u00f3lo podremos consolidar nuestra precaria democracia colombiana si esos poderes antidemocr\u00e1ticos son puestos en cintura.<\/p>\n<p>Pero este proceso, tan importante, enfrenta enormes dificultades.<\/p>\n<p>Las experiencias de restituci\u00f3n en otros pa\u00edses, como en Bosnia o Sud\u00e1frica, se intentaron en general una vez terminado el conflicto armado o derribado el r\u00e9gimen opresor, lo cual no sucede en Colombia. La guerra contin\u00faa y muchos de los poderes que han estado detr\u00e1s del despojo siguen dominando en muchas regiones. Los desaf\u00edos de seguridad son entonces enormes, no s\u00f3lo para las v\u00edctimas, sino tambi\u00e9n para los funcionarios que adelantar\u00e1n esos procesos.<\/p>\n<p>Existen adem\u00e1s problemas jur\u00eddicos serios. El proceso judicial de restituci\u00f3n, previsto en la Ley 1448, modifica muchas de las reglas cl\u00e1sicas del derecho civil, al establecer, por ejemplo, presunciones de ilicitud de las compras de tierras en ciertas zonas de violencia y desplazamiento. Estas modificaciones son necesarias, pero \u00bfser\u00e1 que nuestros jueces, que fueron formados en el respeto casi sacrosanto al C\u00f3digo Civil, podr\u00e1n asimilar y aplicar este nuevo derecho civil transicional?<\/p>\n<p>Pero seamos optimistas. Supongamos que los problemas de seguridad son resueltos y las autoridades est\u00e1n a la altura del desaf\u00edo. Y que entonces, en pocos a\u00f1os, se logra la devoluci\u00f3n de la casi totalidad de las tierras despojadas. \u00bfPodemos quedar tranquilos porque se hizo la tarea?<\/p>\n<p>La respuesta es desafortunadamente negativa, porque antes del despojo de las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, la propiedad agraria ya estaba muy concentrada y muchos campesinos viv\u00edan en la pobreza extrema. Colombia vivi\u00f3 entonces una verdadera contrarreforma agraria, pues eso fue el despojo, pero sin que previamente hubiera habido una genuina reforma agraria. Adem\u00e1s, el modelo de desarrollo rural de los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, fundado sobre todo en las empresas agroindustriales, no ha sido favorable al campesinado ni a los grupos \u00e9tnicos. Existe entonces el riesgo de que muchos desplazados a quienes les retornen su tierra, puedan perderla, a la vuelta de algunos a\u00f1os, pero por razones econ\u00f3micas.<\/p>\n<p>No basta entonces con borrar las consecuencias del despojo por medio de la restituci\u00f3n. Son necesarias medidas complementarias, que logren una mayor equidad; es, pues, imperativo que Colombia adopte una reforma rural integral, como la propuesta por el reciente informe de desarrollo humano del PNUD, que prevea un lugar productivo digno al campesinado y a los grupos \u00e9tnicos. Pero desafortunadamente algunas de las propuestas gubernamentales parecen ir en la direcci\u00f3n contraria, pues refuerzan el papel de las empresas agroindustriales.<\/p>\n<p>El gobierno Santos merece todo el apoyo por su compromiso con la restituci\u00f3n, pero tambi\u00e9n una vigilancia cr\u00edtica para que no borre con el codo (el modelo de desarrollo rural) lo que pueda estar haciendo con la mano (la restituci\u00f3n).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Land restitution, which seems to be starting seriously with the handing over of the farm Las Catas last Thursday to 164 displaced farm families, is a necessary step. But it will not only be very difficult to achieve significant results but even if successful, the return is insufficient to consolidate peace, democracy, and justice in the rural sector.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The challenges of land restitution - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-challenges-of-land-restitution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The challenges of land restitution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Land restitution, which seems to be starting seriously with the handing over of the farm Las Catas last Thursday to 164 displaced farm families, is a necessary step. 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