{"id":27408,"date":"2012-03-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-03-05T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/colombian-pigmentocracy\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:46:38","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:46:38","slug":"colombian-pigmentocracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/colombian-pigmentocracy\/","title":{"rendered":"Colombian &#8220;pigmentocracy&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El estudio \u2013codirigido en Colombia por Fernando Urrea, el reconocido soci\u00f3logo de la Universidad del Valle\u2014 tiene un nombre sugestivo: PERLA (Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America). Y perlas es lo que va encontrando. Por ejemplo, una publicaci\u00f3n reciente de Telles y Steele muestra que el tono de la piel est\u00e1 asociado en casi todos los pa\u00edses de la regi\u00f3n con las oportunidades educativas, medidas en n\u00famero de a\u00f1os de estudio. En otras palabras, como dicen los autores, las sociedades latinoamericanas son \u201cpigmentocracias\u201d, en las que el color (junto con la clase social, el g\u00e9nero y otros factores) afecta las oportunidades que uno tenga en la vida.<\/p>\n<p>Como los datos son nuevos y el tema es sensible, conviene ir por partes. Para comenzar, \u00bfc\u00f3mo se mide el tono de la piel? Hasta ahora, los censos y las encuestas le han dejado la decisi\u00f3n al entrevistado, quien se autorreconoce como blanco, mestizo, ind\u00edgena o afrodescendiente. Aunque \u00fatil para algunos fines, esta medida pierde de vista que la discriminaci\u00f3n depende no tanto de c\u00f3mo se ve quien la sufre, sino de c\u00f3mo lo ven los dem\u00e1s. Por eso, el tono de la piel de los cerca de 40.000 latinoamericanos encuestados por PERLA y el Bar\u00f3metro de las Am\u00e9ricas fue clasificado por entrevistadores profesionales, con base en una paleta de 11 colores.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 tanto pesa el color en Colombia y en los pa\u00edses vecinos? Por ahora, el proyecto ha mostrado que incide en un tema fundamental: la educaci\u00f3n. El estudio de Telles y Steele indica que Colombia es m\u00e1s pigmentocr\u00e1tica que pa\u00edses donde se habla m\u00e1s de discriminaci\u00f3n, como Per\u00fa, Brasil o Ecuador. En efecto, la diferencia promedio en a\u00f1os de estudio entre colombianos de piel clara y aquellos de piel morena u oscura es 2,2. La brecha es m\u00e1s ancha s\u00f3lo en Bolivia y Guatemala, las dos mayores pigmentocracias latinoamericanas.<\/p>\n<p>Se podr\u00eda pensar que, en realidad, la diferencia es de clase. Es decir, que un ind\u00edgena, un mulato o un afrocolombiano promedio tiene menos a\u00f1os de estudio porque viene de una familia pobre, no porque tenga la piel oscura. O porque es m\u00e1s factible que viva en una zona rural, o que sea joven. Todos estos factores, en efecto, resultaron significativos en el an\u00e1lisis estad\u00edstico de PERLA. La clase social tiene el impacto m\u00e1s grande, pero no elimina el del color de piel, que implica una desventaja espec\u00edfica y es significativa estad\u00edsticamente. De hecho, a nivel latinoamericano, el rezago educativo de quien es \u201cmorenito\u201d es cercano al que sufre quien vive en el campo, y casi el doble del que padece una mujer. En la pr\u00e1ctica, las desventajas se combinan y se agravan mutuamente, como lo muestra la marginaci\u00f3n extrema de las mujeres afro o ind\u00edgenas de zonas rurales.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 conclusiones se siguen? La primera es que, lamentablemente, el color s\u00ed importa, y no s\u00f3lo para las oportunidades educativas. Un an\u00e1lisis hecho por Telles, Urrea y Flores sugiere que tambi\u00e9n incide en el nivel de ingresos, tanto en Colombia como en otros pa\u00edses.<\/p>\n<p>La segunda conclusi\u00f3n es que se necesitan pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas que conviertan las pigmentocracias en democracias. En este sentido est\u00e1 avanzando la oportuna Misi\u00f3n de Movilidad Social y Equidad convocada por Planeaci\u00f3n Nacional. Como lo han propuesto Juan Camilo C\u00e1rdenas, Hugo \u00d1opo y Jorge Casta\u00f1eda en su estudio para la Misi\u00f3n, medidas como el fortalecimiento decidido del sistema educativo en departamentos con alta poblaci\u00f3n afro e ind\u00edgena, y programas de acci\u00f3n afirmativa bien dise\u00f1ados, ser\u00edan pasos en esa direcci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Does skin color matter? Does having white skin bring advantages while being black reduce them? These are the questions being solved in a research led by Edward Telles at Princeton University.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-racial-discrimination","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Colombian &quot;pigmentocracy&quot; - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Colombian &quot;pigmentocracy&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Does skin color matter? Does having white skin bring advantages while being black reduce them? These are the questions being solved in a research led by Edward Telles at Princeton University.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\"},\"headline\":\"Colombian &#8220;pigmentocracy&#8221;\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\"},\"wordCount\":636,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2012\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\",\"name\":\"Colombian \\\"pigmentocracy\\\" - Dejusticia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Colombian \u00abpigmentocracy\u00bb\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"description\":\"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":[\"NGO\",\"ResearchOrganization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Dejusticia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed\"],\"knowsAbout\":[\"Anti-Discrimination\",\"Rule of Law\",\"Environmental Justice\",\"Economic Justice\",\"Transitional Justice\",\"Drug Policy\",\"Judicial System\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\",\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41eece5c39fc8a04bc57582d5e05770a7f473dd4a75ed820b710ed5fc3893da0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41eece5c39fc8a04bc57582d5e05770a7f473dd4a75ed820b710ed5fc3893da0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/cesar-rodriguez-garavito\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Colombian \"pigmentocracy\" - Dejusticia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Colombian \"pigmentocracy\"","og_description":"Does skin color matter? Does having white skin bring advantages while being black reduce them? These are the questions being solved in a research led by Edward Telles at Princeton University.","og_url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/","og_site_name":"Dejusticia","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","article_published_time":"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00","author":"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@dejusticia","twitter_site":"@dejusticia","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/"},"author":{"name":"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0"},"headline":"Colombian &#8220;pigmentocracy&#8221;","datePublished":"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/"},"wordCount":636,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en","copyrightYear":"2012","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/","name":"Colombian \"pigmentocracy\" - Dejusticia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2012-03-05T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-04-11T12:46:38+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-pigmentocracia-colombiana\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Colombian \u00abpigmentocracy\u00bb"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","name":"Dejusticia","description":"Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Justicia y Sociedad","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":["NGO","ResearchOrganization"],"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization","name":"Dejusticia","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/logo-v1-dejusticia-MC.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Dejusticia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/","https:\/\/x.com\/dejusticia","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCbwnwY8oIpHCug4R3KhjewQ\/feed"],"knowsAbout":["Anti-Discrimination","Rule of Law","Environmental Justice","Economic Justice","Transitional Justice","Drug Policy","Judicial System"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0","name":"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41eece5c39fc8a04bc57582d5e05770a7f473dd4a75ed820b710ed5fc3893da0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/41eece5c39fc8a04bc57582d5e05770a7f473dd4a75ed820b710ed5fc3893da0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito"},"url":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/responsible\/cesar-rodriguez-garavito\/"}]}},"views":184,"translations":[{"en":{"translation_id":"10976","language_code":"en","element_id":"27408","source_language_code":"es","element_type":"post_post","original":"0","post_title":"Colombian \"pigmentocracy\"","post_status":"publish"},"es":{"translation_id":"10975","language_code":"es","element_id":"27407","source_language_code":null,"element_type":"post_post","original":"1","post_title":"La pigmentocracia colombiana","post_status":"publish"}}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27408\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}