{"id":27628,"date":"2012-09-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-09-03T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/who-is-the-one-with-a-disability\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:49:44","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:49:44","slug":"who-is-the-one-with-a-disability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/who-is-the-one-with-a-disability\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is the one with a disability?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>No voy a centrarme en su significado obvio: en lo invisibles que resultan los atletas que desfilaron por la pista ol\u00edmpica londinense, cal\u00e1ndose el sombrero vueltiao con una mano mientras empujaban su silla de ruedas con la otra; o los que saludaron a una tribuna que habr\u00e1n imaginado detr\u00e1s de sus lentes oscuros de invidentes. Es el mismo anonimato de los 2\u2019600.000 colombianos que viven con una discapacidad permanente, muchos recluidos en sus casas porque las calles, las oficinas y los lugares p\u00fablicos est\u00e1n hechos para otros. A los que se suman varios millones que sufren una discapacidad temporal, por efectos de la edad o la enfermedad.<br \/>\nAdem\u00e1s de hacer visible lo invisible, los Paral\u00edmpicos ponen sobre la mesa temas a\u00fan menos debatidos. \u00bfQui\u00e9n clasifica como discapacitado? \u00bfC\u00f3mo saber si una discapacidad f\u00edsica, como la falta de un brazo, limita m\u00e1s o menos que una discapacidad cognitiva, como el autismo? \u00bfQui\u00e9n decide todo?<br \/>\nLas respuestas a estas preguntas muestran las borrosas fronteras entre la capacidad y la discapacidad, como lo cuenta un art\u00edculo revelador del New York Times. En los Paral\u00edmpicos existe todo un sistema de clasificaci\u00f3n de niveles y tipos de discapacidad. Apenas en nataci\u00f3n, hay 13 categor\u00edas: 10 para niveles de discapacidad f\u00edsica, dos para limitaciones visuales y una para limitaciones cognitivas.<br \/>\nDe ah\u00ed que haya intensas controversias y amargas quejas por las clasificaciones. En Londres, 245 atletas han sido reevaluados por dudas sobre su grado de discapacidad. Por ejemplo, una nadadora estadounidense paralizada de la cintura para abajo fue ascendida del nivel 7 al nivel 8, que en el sistema clasificatorio significa mayor capacidad. De un momento a otro, pas\u00f3 de competir con nadadoras que hab\u00edan sufrido amputaci\u00f3n de las dos piernas, a nadar contra otras que tienen piernas pero no un brazo, o amputaciones de pierna debajo de la rodilla. \u201cCreo que tengo una desventaja significativa en habilidad funcional frente a mis nuevas competidoras\u201d, dijo con resignaci\u00f3n la deportista al enterarse la decisi\u00f3n de los jueces.<br \/>\nM\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las quejas, el debate resalta tres ideas que son esenciales para tomar en serio la situaci\u00f3n de las personas con discapacidad. Primero, la discapacidad no es una sola. Hay niveles y tipos diversos, que requieren pol\u00edticas y acciones distintas.<br \/>\nSegundo, la capacidad y la discapacidad son relativas. Determinar el grado de discapacidad de una persona no es una ciencia exacta. Adem\u00e1s, un rasgo f\u00edsico (como la par\u00e1lisis de ambas piernas) es una dificultad para nadar, pero no impide en nada el desempe\u00f1o en otras actividades (como muchos trabajos de oficina). Esto es lo que se tiende a olvidar y ayuda a explicar el alt\u00edsimo desempleo de las personas con discapacidad (77%, seg\u00fan el Registro para la Localizaci\u00f3n y Caracterizaci\u00f3n de esta poblaci\u00f3n).<br \/>\nTercero, que la discapacidad sea relativa no significa que no tenga efectos muy tangibles: seg\u00fan la misma fuente, el 83% de las personas con discapacidad son pobres. Tampoco implica que no se pueda determinar qui\u00e9nes deber\u00edan ser beneficiarios de las pol\u00edticas y los programas que el Estado, las empresas y los centros educativos est\u00e1n en mora de crear para promover el acceso de las personas con discapacidad a la educaci\u00f3n, el empleo, los lugares p\u00fablicos y otros espacios de los que hoy son excluidos.<br \/>\nAl competir en el certamen de la habilidad f\u00edsica por excelencia, los atletas paral\u00edmpicos colombianos desaf\u00edan la definici\u00f3n convencional de la capacidad. Y ponen en evidencia la incapacidad del pa\u00eds que representan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A couple of weeks ago, we received the olympic medallists as heroes. However no one talks about the 39 colombians with disabilities that are competing on the Paralympic Games in London today. No one talks eather about what this silence tells us about the situation of the people with disabilities in the country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who is the one with a disability? - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/who-is-the-one-with-a-disability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who is the one with a disability?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A couple of weeks ago, we received the olympic medallists as heroes. 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