{"id":27666,"date":"2012-10-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-02T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:50:43","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:50:43","slug":"the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/","title":{"rendered":"The good and the bad of the bill of opportunities for afrocolombians"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El proyecto de ley de oportunidades para afrocolombianos merece un debate serio.<\/p>\n<p>En lugar de reacciones apresuradas, basadas en versiones de o\u00eddas del proyecto que acaba de presentar el Gobierno, la discusi\u00f3n que se viene en el Congreso requiere an\u00e1lisis minuciosos, fundados en datos y en las lecciones de otros pa\u00edses que han adoptado leyes similares contra la discriminaci\u00f3n. Si se mira con este lente, el proyecto tiene cosas buenas que vale la pena mantener y otras malas que hay que reformar, adem\u00e1s de vac\u00edos que es preciso llenar.<br \/>\nComencemos por lo bueno. Las medidas m\u00e1s promisorias del proyecto tienen que ver con el acceso a la educaci\u00f3n superior. Ante la evidencia de la baj\u00edsima presencia de estudiantes afro en las universidades, crea un programa de cr\u00e9ditos del Icetex para esta poblaci\u00f3n, les fija a las universidades p\u00fablicas una meta de m\u00ednimo 10% de estudiantes negros para 2024 y establece que al menos 10% de las becas ofrecidas por universidades p\u00fablicas y privadas sean asignadas a estos alumnos.<br \/>\nEl proyecto acierta en un detalle esencial: para ser beneficiario de estos cr\u00e9ditos y becas, no basta con ser afrodescendiente; es preciso tambi\u00e9n demostrar necesidad econ\u00f3mica. Al intentar cerrar no s\u00f3lo la brecha racial sino tambi\u00e9n la de clase social, la propuesta sigue el exitoso modelo de Brasil, que acaba de ser ampliado por una ley que garantiza que el 50% de los cupos de universidades p\u00fablicas sean para estudiantes pobres, de colegios p\u00fablicos, de regiones marginadas, ind\u00edgenas o afrobrasileros.<br \/>\nEntre otras buenas ideas del proyecto, destacan las que ofrecen apoyo econ\u00f3mico a las comunidades negras de los territorios colectivos creados en virtud de la Ley 70 de 1993. Ante la realidad del desplazamiento forzado y la vulnerabilidad de esas comunidades, crea una l\u00ednea de cr\u00e9dito para proyectos productivos y refuerza el deber estatal de tener programas de atenci\u00f3n y retorno para ellas.<br \/>\nPasando a los aspectos negativos, habr\u00eda que comenzar por reformar o eliminar varios art\u00edculos que son innecesarios o inocuos. Innecesarios porque no crean oportunidades concretas; se limitan a reiterar el deber constitucional de no discriminar a los afrocolombianos en el ingreso a puestos p\u00fablicos, en las fuerzas armadas o en organizaciones privadas. Inocuos porque no especifican metas cuyo cumplimiento pueda ser monitoreado o exigido mediante acciones judiciales. Se contempla s\u00f3lo un simb\u00f3lico \u201ccertificado \u00e9tnico empresarial\u201d para las entidades p\u00fablicas y privadas que sean incluyentes, pero no se dice nada sobre los efectos para las que no lo sean.<br \/>\nUn retroceso preocupante tiene que ver con la consulta previa de leyes y medidas administrativas que afecten a los afrocolombianos. Las consultas ser\u00edan hechas en apenas un mes y con una nueva C\u00e1mara de Sujetos Colectivos Negros, Raizales y Palenqueros, compuesta fundamentalmente por los representantes de comunidades que tengan territorios colectivos titulados. Quedan por fuera las organizaciones afrocolombianas y la mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n negra, que vive fuera de esos territorios.<br \/>\nLa ley tambi\u00e9n tiene vac\u00edos importantes que habr\u00eda que llenar. Por ahora me limito al m\u00e1s obvio: no habla de la necesidad de recoger datos sobre la poblaci\u00f3n negra. Si no se exige al DANE mejorar su insuficiente sistema de recolecci\u00f3n de cifras \u00e9tnico-raciales, \u00bfc\u00f3mo sabemos si el 10% que menciona el proyecto y que viene del criticado censo de 2005 refleja la proporci\u00f3n de esta poblaci\u00f3n en el total nacional? Si las entidades p\u00fablicas y privadas no tienen el deber de recoger informaci\u00f3n sobre la composici\u00f3n de su personal o su estudiantado, \u00bfc\u00f3mo saber si est\u00e1n cumpliendo con la ley?<br \/>\nA estos vac\u00edos, y a otras ventajas y desventajas de la ley, volver\u00e9 en otras columnas y en an\u00e1lisis detallados que publicar\u00e1 el Observatorio de Discriminaci\u00f3n Racial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The bill of opportunities for afrocolombians deserves a serious debate. <\/p>\n<p>Instead of rushed reactions, based on half heard versions of the bill that the Government just presented, the coming discussion in the Congres  needs a serious debate, based on data and lessons from other countries that have adopted similar regulations against discrimination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-racial-discrimination","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The good and the bad of the bill of opportunities for afrocolombians - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The good and the bad of the bill of opportunities for afrocolombians\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The bill of opportunities for afrocolombians deserves a serious debate.   Instead of rushed reactions, based on half heard versions of the bill that the Government just presented, the coming discussion in the Congres needs a serious debate, based on data and lessons from other countries that have adopted similar regulations against discrimination.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-10-02T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:50:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\"},\"headline\":\"The good and the bad of the bill of opportunities for afrocolombians\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-10-02T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:50:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\"},\"wordCount\":666,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2012\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-good-and-the-bad-of-the-bill-of-opportunities-for-afrocolombians\/\",\"name\":\"The good and the bad of the bill of opportunities for afrocolombians - 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