{"id":27678,"date":"2012-10-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-10-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/blocking-the-protest\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:51:09","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:51:09","slug":"blocking-the-protest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/blocking-the-protest\/","title":{"rendered":"Blocking the protest"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La Corte Constitucional valid\u00f3 la Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana, que penaliza a quienes obstruyan las v\u00edas de transporte como medio de protesta. Pero no basta con obstruir una v\u00eda para ir a la c\u00e1rcel.<\/p>\n<p>Hace poco m\u00e1s de un a\u00f1o el Congreso incorpor\u00f3 en la Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana, una norma que penaliza a quienes obstruyan las v\u00edas de transporte como medio de protesta. Varias fueron en su momento las razones para criticar esta norma: su inclusi\u00f3n en un estatuto orientado a combatir la criminalidad organizada, el terrorismo y la delincuencia com\u00fan; su falta de precisi\u00f3n y su absoluta desconsideraci\u00f3n del derecho a la protesta. Hace pocos d\u00edas la Corte declar\u00f3 que esta norma se ajusta a la Constituci\u00f3n, y aunque en el comunicado de prensa de la sentencia se precisa y restringe el alcance de esta norma penal, su permanencia en el orden jur\u00eddico no deja de ser problem\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan la norma, no cualquier bloqueo de v\u00edas en el curso de una protesta se encuentra penalizado, sino \u00fanicamente aquel que se realice por medios il\u00edcitos. Y la Corte especific\u00f3 que solo son tales \u201caquellos medios que est\u00e9n contemplados como contrarios a derecho en una ley formal y material\u201d. \u00bfPlantarse con bastones de mando en la mitad de una carretera, como lo han hecho varias veces los ind\u00edgenas para hacerse escuchar, constituye un medio il\u00edcito? Claramente no: ninguna ley proh\u00edbe pararse con bastones en medio de una v\u00eda. Tampoco hay ning\u00fan medio il\u00edcito en el hecho de que 200 personas impidan pac\u00edficamente el paso de veh\u00edculos, como lo hicieron hace algunos meses los habitantes de los corregimientos de Pueblo Bello, Granada, San Vicente y San Jos\u00e9 de Mulatos para protestar por la falta de atenci\u00f3n a los afectados por el invierno.<\/p>\n<p>No basta entonces con obstruir una v\u00eda para ir a la c\u00e1rcel, como err\u00f3neamente han desinformado algunos medios de comunicaci\u00f3n. Seg\u00fan la Corte, la interpretaci\u00f3n de esta norma debe ser \u201cestricta y literal\u201d. Por eso, acorde con el alcance m\u00e1s razonable de este fallo, solo bloquear vali\u00e9ndose de un acto que a su vez sea un delito, como disparar un arma de fuego o lesionar a quienes intenten pasar, podr\u00eda eventualmente dar lugar a un proceso penal. De este modo se despeja la duda que generaba la desacertada redacci\u00f3n de esta norma, que daba a entender que \u00fanicamente estaban por fuera de la amenaza de la c\u00e1rcel los bloqueos que se daban en el curso de manifestaciones que hab\u00edan sido previamente autorizadas. <\/p>\n<p>La decisi\u00f3n de la Corte es en este sentido positiva. Aunque hay quienes, amparados en su pretendido derecho absoluto a la comodidad, preferir\u00edan ver en la c\u00e1rcel a todo aquel que interrumpa el flujo normal del transporte, lo cierto es que tan ciudadano es quien ejerce su derecho a la protesta bloqueando una v\u00eda, como quien reclama por sus derechos a la libre circulaci\u00f3n y al trabajo. Y el asunto no puede resolverse tratando al primero como delincuente para permitir que el segundo pueda gozar de sus derechos. <\/p>\n<p>Sin embargo, a\u00fan con la restricci\u00f3n que se deriva del fallo de la Corte, la penalizaci\u00f3n de los bloqueos que se realizan por medios il\u00edcitos contin\u00faa siendo problem\u00e1tica. Una de las razones que tuvo la Corte para declarar la constitucionalidad de esta penalizaci\u00f3n es que la Constituci\u00f3n solo protege las protestas pac\u00edficas. Aunque en muchos casos el uso de medios il\u00edcitos coincide con expresiones desproporcionadas de violencia que podr\u00edan justificar la penalizaci\u00f3n, esto no siempre es as\u00ed. Por ejemplo, a partir de una visi\u00f3n restrictiva frente a la protesta y amplia frente al uso del derecho penal se podr\u00eda terminar criminalizando un bloqueo en el que los manifestantes atraviesen llantas prendidas en la v\u00eda, bajo la idea de que se est\u00e1 cometiendo el delito de incendio. <\/p>\n<p>Pero esto resulta desproporcionado: si no se quiere dar al traste con el derecho a la protesta pac\u00edfica, solo el uso deliberado de la violencia directa por parte de los manifestantes podr\u00eda eventualmente llegar a justificar la penalizaci\u00f3n. Y si coincidimos en la necesidad de evitar la violencia en la protesta, la primera tarea del Estado deber\u00eda ser entonces regular el uso del ESMAD, que muchas veces, en lugar de controlar disturbios violentos, termina gener\u00e1ndolos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Constitutional Court confirmed the Law of Citizen Security that penalizes those who block the roads as a mean of protest. However, this doesn&#8217;t mean that  blocking a road is enough to go to jail.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Blocking the protest - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/blocking-the-protest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Blocking the protest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Constitutional Court confirmed the Law of Citizen Security that penalizes those who block the roads as a mean of protest. 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