{"id":27722,"date":"2012-11-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-07T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/and-the-mining-industry-whos-going-to-make-the-pay-taxes\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:04","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:04","slug":"and-the-mining-industry-whos-going-to-make-the-pay-taxes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/and-the-mining-industry-whos-going-to-make-the-pay-taxes\/","title":{"rendered":"And the mining industry, who’s going to make the pay taxes?"},"content":{"rendered":"

El gobierno no parece interesado en ponerle rieles a esta locomotora descarriada: la reforma tributaria mantiene intactos los enormes privilegios que se le han concedido durante la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada.<\/p>\n

Para nadie es un secreto que la creaci\u00f3n de riqueza en Colombia es un proceso que tiende a ampliar las brechas<\/a> de ingresos y oportunidades entre las \u00e9lites y el resto de la poblaci\u00f3n: el 1% m\u00e1s rico concentra el 20% de la riqueza, mientras que el 40% m\u00e1s pobre se las tiene que arreglar con menos del 12%<\/a> Y el Estado ha hecho muy poco para corregir esta situaci\u00f3n: como lo acepta el propio gobierno, la distribuci\u00f3n del ingreso antes y despu\u00e9s de impuestos y transferencias es pr\u00e1cticamente la misma, lo que significa que la estructura tributaria no genera mayor equidad. Es como si un complejo aparato que tuviera que barajar las cartas para que hubiera mayor justicia en la repartici\u00f3n, volviera a dejar los naipes en el orden inicial.<\/p>\n

Y sin embargo, la miner\u00eda \u2013una actividad que como actualmente se maneja en Colombia no necesariamente genera desarrollo<\/a>, , deteriora<\/a>, y y corrompe las instituciones<\/a> e incluso afianza la mediocridad y la l\u00f3gica cortoplacista del sistema educativo<\/a> y del sector empresarial- al parecer conservar\u00e1 el tratamiento preferencial que se le ha otorgado con la manada de micos que hoy trepan a sus anchas en el estatuto tributario. <\/p>\n

Las juiciosas investigaciones de Guillermo Rudas develaron los embelecos jur\u00eddicos que han llevado a que el Estado colombiano termine devolvi\u00e9ndole en exenciones tributarias a las empresas mineras una suma equivalente al 137% de lo que pagaron en regal\u00edas. \u00bfC\u00f3mo se explica que los colombianos de a pie \u2013s\u00ed, nada m\u00e1s y nada menos que usted y yo estimado contribuyente- hayamos terminado subsidiando, y con creces, a las empresas mineras por un monto mayor al que ten\u00edan que pagarle al Estado por explotar los recursos del subsuelo que son propiedad de la naci\u00f3n? Veamos. <\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan los c\u00e1lculos de Rudas<\/a>, por el efecto combinado de las deducciones (legales, cabe aclarar) del impuesto de renta que las empresas mineras pod\u00edan hacer por pagar oportunamente regal\u00edas, por invertir en activos fijos, por la depreciaci\u00f3n de bienes o por la amortizaci\u00f3n anticipada de inversiones, la tarifa efectiva promedio a la que se les cobr\u00f3 el impuesto de renta entre 2002 y 2010 fue del 15%, pese a que la tarifa nominal establecida en la ley \u2013con la que s\u00ed han cumplido los esforzados empresarios de otros sectores que no le hablan al o\u00eddo a quienes hacen las leyes- es del 33%. <\/p>\n

En otros t\u00e9rminos, mientras que una sociedad comercial que pertenezca al r\u00e9gimen com\u00fan\u2013como lo puede ser cualquier empresa peque\u00f1a o mediana cuyos honrados due\u00f1os nunca se les habr\u00e1 ocurrido ir a buscar a los pol\u00edticos- le pag\u00f3 al Estado 33 pesos de cada 100 que obtuvo de utilidades, los emporios mineros le pagaron solo 15. Y ni hablar de las empresas carbon\u00edferas que solo pagaron 8, o de las de metales preciosos que contribuyeron al tesoro p\u00fablico con la irrisoria suma de 2,9 pesos por cada 100 que sumaron a sus utilidades. <\/p>\n

Hoy en d\u00eda, Santos y C\u00e1rdenas \u2013quien como ex Ministro de Minas debe conocer con lujo de detalles lo que sucede con los impuestos en el sector- tienen una oportunidad de oro para incorporar en la reforma tributaria \u201cpor la equidad y el empleo\u201d, la eliminaci\u00f3n de todos los privilegios impositivos de los que gozan las empresas mineras los cuales, por supuesto, poco tienen que ver con la equidad y nada aportan a la generaci\u00f3n de empleo (pues el sector minero, pese a este tratamiento preferencial, genera apenas el 1,5% de los puestos de trabajo en el pa\u00eds). <\/p>\n

Si para los trabajadores que ganan m\u00e1s de 3.3 SM se establece un piso m\u00ednimo progresivo del cual no puede bajar la tarifa de renta efectiva que deben pagar (que es lo que se hace en el proyecto con el llamado IMAN), \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no hacer algo similar para el caso de las personas jur\u00eddicas que deben pagar renta, de modo que la tarifa efectiva no sea muy distinta de la nominal? <\/p>\n

El tema de los impuestos est\u00e1 en el coraz\u00f3n del problema de la desigualdad. Si no empezamos por poner a tributar a la miner\u00eda, un sector que se expande a un ritmo tres veces mayor que el promedio de la econom\u00eda, dif\u00edcilmente dejaremos de ser el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s desigual de la regio\u00f3n<\/a> al desigual del mundo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The government doesn’t seem interested in putting rails to this derailed locomotive: the tributary reform keeps untouched the enormous privileges that have been granted to it during the last decade.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAnd the mining industry, who's going to make the pay taxes? - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"And the mining industry, who's going to make the pay taxes?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The government doesn't seem interested in putting rails to this derailed locomotive: the tributary reform keeps untouched the enormous privileges that have been granted to it during the last decade.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-11-07T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:52:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"NewsArticle\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dejusticia\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/76344004e81d3b86a24b524c67cd939d\"},\"headline\":\"And the mining industry, who’s going to make the pay taxes?\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-11-07T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:52:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\"},\"wordCount\":785,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2012\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-a-la-mineria-quien-la-va-a-poner-a-tributar\/\",\"name\":\"And the mining industry, who's going to make the pay taxes? 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