{"id":27728,"date":"2012-11-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-decline-of-prohibition\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:12","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:12","slug":"the-decline-of-prohibition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-decline-of-prohibition\/","title":{"rendered":"The decline of prohibition?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El pasado martes en EE.UU. hubo dos votaciones que pueden llegar a ser m\u00e1s trascendentales para Colombia y Am\u00e9rica Latina que la reelecci\u00f3n de Obama: en Colorado y en el estado de Washington (no en la capital federal), una mayor\u00eda de ciudadanos aprob\u00f3 la legalizaci\u00f3n de la marihuana.<\/p>\n<p>Esos referendos no se limitaron a despenalizar el consumo o a aprobar el uso medicinal del cannabis, que ya existe en muchas partes de EE. UU., sino que tomaron un paso m\u00e1s radical: legalizaron la venta de marihuana para uso recreativo.<br \/>\nEl r\u00e9gimen jur\u00eddico del cannabis en esos estados ser\u00eda entonces semejante al del alcohol: un mercado legal pero estrictamente regulado. Por ejemplo, en Washington existir\u00edan lugares autorizados, por licencia estatal, para el cultivo y la venta de marihuana. S\u00f3lo podr\u00edan adquirir la sustancia los mayores de 21 a\u00f1os y toda venta pagar\u00eda 25% de impuestos; los dineros recaudados servir\u00edan para financiar escuelas, seguros de salud y pol\u00edticas de prevenci\u00f3n de las adicciones.<br \/>\nPuse los verbos en el p\u00e1rrafo anterior en condicional pues jur\u00eddicamente esas decisiones ciudadanas enfrentan a\u00fan un desaf\u00edo. A nivel federal subsiste la ley que penaliza la distribuci\u00f3n y el consumo de marihuana. Existe entonces el debate sobre si un estado como Colorado podr\u00eda o no derogar una prohibici\u00f3n que est\u00e1 en una ley federal.<br \/>\nEsa controversia constitucional es compleja, pero es probable que se resuelva a favor de los dos estados. Pero independientemente de su resultado, los referendos en Washington y Colorado podr\u00edan ser el primer paso del ocaso de la prohibici\u00f3n de las drogas, al menos por cuatro razones.<br \/>\nPrimero, porque esos referendos atacan el coraz\u00f3n de la prohibici\u00f3n, que precisamente penaliza cualquier uso recreativo de sustancias como el cannabis.<br \/>\nSegundo, porque esas decisiones no son fruto de un arrebato moment\u00e1neo de votantes exc\u00e9ntricos, sino que expresan un creciente apoyo ciudadano a la legalizaci\u00f3n de la marihuana, que en Estados Unidos llega, seg\u00fan una encuesta Gallup de 2011, al 50%, mientras que en 1969 era de s\u00f3lo 12%.<br \/>\nTercero, porque el porcentaje de personas que en EE. UU. consumen marihuana regularmente es menor al 10%. La mayor parte de quienes hoy apoyan la legalizaci\u00f3n del cannabis no son entonces consumidores de drogas, que voten por inter\u00e9s propio, sino ciudadanos ordinarios que se oponen a la prohibici\u00f3n por razones morales y de conveniencia p\u00fablica: han entendido que una persona tiene el derecho a decidir libremente qu\u00e9 hace con su cuerpo, siempre y cuando no afecte derechos de terceros, y se han dado cuenta de que la prohibici\u00f3n es una estrategia contraproducente para enfrentar el problema del abuso de sustancias psicoactivas.<br \/>\nFinalmente, porque EE. UU. ha sido el principal promotor de la prohibici\u00f3n a nivel mundial, por lo que cualquier cambio de pol\u00edtica en ese pa\u00eds tendr\u00eda un impacto global. Y la reelecci\u00f3n de Obama ayuda pues es mucho m\u00e1s abierto a explorar nuevas pol\u00edticas frente a las drogas que los republicanos.<br \/>\nLos colombianos deber\u00edamos tomar nota de esos cambios, sobre todo ahora que en el Congreso se empieza a discutir un nuevo estatuto de drogas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last tuesday two votings took place in the United States that may be even more important for Colombia and Latin america than the reelection of Obama: in the states of Colorado and Washington (not the federal district), a majority of citizens approved the legalization of cannabis. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-drug-policy","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The decline of prohibition? 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