{"id":27736,"date":"2012-11-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:22","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:22","slug":"the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/","title":{"rendered":"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ninguna de las razones invocadas para ampliar el fuero militar resulta convincente o aceptable.<\/p>\n<p>Como es conocido, un proyecto de reforma constitucional, que est\u00e1 en s\u00e9ptimo debate y que ha sido apoyado por el gobierno Santos, ampl\u00eda enormemente el fuero militar, pues establece que la justicia castrense conocer\u00eda de muy graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, como torturas, actos de violencia sexual o asesinatos, cometidos por militares o polic\u00edas en sus operaciones. S\u00f3lo se excluyen de su competencia los cr\u00edmenes de lesa humanidad, el genocidio y las desapariciones.<br \/>\nEsta reforma es jur\u00eddicamente inaceptable pues, como lo se\u00f1alaron todos los relatores especializados en derechos humanos de Naciones Unidas, viola la igualdad ante la ley penal y desconoce las obligaciones internacionales de Colombia, que excluyen del fuero militar esas atrocidades. Adem\u00e1s, la reforma ser\u00eda pol\u00edticamente negativa para los propios militares, pues generar\u00eda la impresi\u00f3n de que ese esfuerzo por sustraerse a la vigilancia de jueces independientes busca una sola cosa: la impunidad.<br \/>\nA pesar de esos reparos, muchos defienden esta peligrosa ampliaci\u00f3n del fuero militar y han ofrecido varias justificaciones, que conviene examinar.<br \/>\nLa primera y m\u00e1s usual es que los jueces penales ordinarios no deber\u00edan juzgar cr\u00edmenes cometidos en operaciones militares pues (a diferencia de los jueces castrenses) no entienden de asuntos militares ni de derecho humanitario, que es el que regula los conflictos armados.<br \/>\nA primera vista esta justificaci\u00f3n suena, pues la comprensi\u00f3n de una operaci\u00f3n militar requiere de conocimientos especializados. Es igualmente posible que alg\u00fan juez ordinario en Colombia, que no estuviera adecuadamente formado en estos temas, haya cometido un error al juzgar a alg\u00fan militar.<br \/>\nEsa complejidad de los asuntos militares no justifica, sin embargo, la ampliaci\u00f3n del fuero. Con ese argumento destrozar\u00edamos la igualdad ante la ley penal pues habr\u00eda que prever tambi\u00e9n un fuero m\u00e9dico y otro financiero, pues un tratamiento quir\u00fargico o una operaci\u00f3n bancaria son tambi\u00e9n actividades complejas y dif\u00edciles de entender. Pero lo cierto es que los jueces, con una formaci\u00f3n y asesor\u00eda especializadas, pueden juzgar a los m\u00e9dicos y a los banqueros. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no podr\u00edan juzgar entonces las eventuales atrocidades cometidas por los militares y polic\u00edas?<br \/>\nUna prueba pr\u00e1ctica contundente de que un juez civil puede juzgar adecuadamente actos militares en un conflicto armado es la siguiente: los actuales tribunales penales internacionales, como el de la antigua Yugoslavia, est\u00e1n integrados por jueces no castrenses y han podido juzgar en forma apropiada e imparcial los cr\u00edmenes de ese conflicto armado. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no podr\u00edan tambi\u00e9n hacerlo los jueces colombianos, obviamente con la apropiada formaci\u00f3n en derecho humanitario y asuntos militares?<br \/>\nEsta primera justificaci\u00f3n de la ampliaci\u00f3n del fuero es pues inaceptable. Pero tampoco las otras son admisibles, como lo mostrar\u00e9 en las siguientes columnas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>None of the reasons invoked to extend the military jurisdiction is neither convenient nor acceptable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-public-policies","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (I) - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (I)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"None of the reasons invoked to extend the military jurisdiction is neither convenient nor acceptable.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-11-18T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:52:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RodrigoUprimny\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b5883c031ca9e824512c122f092fff07\"},\"headline\":\"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (I)\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-11-18T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:52:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\"},\"wordCount\":506,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2012\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-i\/\",\"name\":\"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (I) - 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