{"id":27746,"date":"2012-11-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-25T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-ii\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:38","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:38","slug":"the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Una segunda raz\u00f3n que se invoca para ampliar el fuero militar es la b\u00fasqueda de mayor seguridad jur\u00eddica para los militares y los polic\u00edas. Pero esta segunda justificaci\u00f3n no es convincente ni aceptable, como tampoco lo era la primera, que analic\u00e9 en la anterior columna.<\/p>\n<p>La tesis es que los militares no saben hoy c\u00f3mo adelantar sus operaciones frente a la guerrilla, pues consideran que, por tratarse de actos de guerra, deben regirse por el derecho humanitario. Pero arguyen que luego resultan investigados o condenados por un acto leg\u00edtimo de guerra, pues los jueces penales ordinarios les aplican el C\u00f3digo Penal, que est\u00e1 previsto para la paz.<br \/>\nExplico el asunto: en la guerra pueden hacerse cosas que son ileg\u00edtimas en la paz. El derecho humanitario autoriza el uso letal de la fuerza, siempre y cuando se trate de un ataque dirigido contra un objetivo militar y el da\u00f1o ocasionado no sea excesivo en relaci\u00f3n con la ventaja militar concreta obtenible.<br \/>\nUna emboscada ofensiva, que respete los anteriores criterios de proporcionalidad, para dar de baja a un jefe guerrillero que no pueda ser razonablemente capturado, es entonces un acto leg\u00edtimo de guerra. Pero en cambio es inaceptable que, en situaciones de paz, la Polic\u00eda embosque a una banda de asaltantes de bancos con el argumento de que es una victoria en la lucha contra la delincuencia y que el da\u00f1o ocasionado no es excesivo. En ese caso, la Polic\u00eda s\u00f3lo puede usar medios letales si es atacada o si tal uso es necesario para, por ejemplo, salvar la vida de un reh\u00e9n (leg\u00edtima defensa propia o de un tercero), y siempre y cuando la respuesta policial sea proporcionada a la agresi\u00f3n.<br \/>\nLas reglas que regulan el uso de la fuerza en la guerra y en operativos policiales en la paz son entonces en parte diversas. Incluso una misma expresi\u00f3n, como el \u201cprincipio de proporcionalidad\u201d, tiene sentidos parcialmente distintos: en el derecho humanitario se trata de la relaci\u00f3n entre la ventaja militar y el da\u00f1o causado, mientras que en el derecho penal ordinario se refiere a la relaci\u00f3n entre la agresi\u00f3n y la respuesta policial.<br \/>\nAlgunos jueces podr\u00edan entonces considerar que una emboscada ofensiva del Ej\u00e9rcito contra la guerrilla es v\u00e1lida, siempre y cuando respete el derecho humanitario, pues estamos en conflicto armado. Pero otros podr\u00edan concluir que esas operaciones son ilegales pues el uso letal de la fuerza se regula por las reglas m\u00e1s exigentes de la leg\u00edtima defensa cl\u00e1sica.<br \/>\nLa ambig\u00fcedad existe y los militares tienen raz\u00f3n en reclamar mayor claridad jur\u00eddica. Pero la soluci\u00f3n no consiste en ampliar el fuero militar, pues un tema sustantivo no se soluciona con un cambio procesal. La salida es precisar los principios y reglas que regulan las operaciones militares, para lo cual basta una ley que sistematice el tema.<br \/>\nEsta segunda justificaci\u00f3n de la ampliaci\u00f3n del fuero militar tampoco es, pues, aceptable. Como tampoco lo son las otras restantes, que analizar\u00e9 en mi tercera y \u00faltima columna sobre este trascendental tema, con la esperanza de que se archive una reforma que es innecesaria e inconveniente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A second reason that is often invoked to extend the military jurisdiction is that it aims to give military and police men more juridical security. But this second justification isnt&#8217; neither convincing nor acceptable, as was the first one, that I revised in my las column.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-judicial-reform","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (II) - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-ii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (II)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A second reason that is often invoked to extend the military jurisdiction is that it aims to give military and police men more juridical security. 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