{"id":27752,"date":"2012-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-11-27T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/and-now-taxes-to-the-retirements-pensions\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:45","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:45","slug":"and-now-taxes-to-the-retirements-pensions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/and-now-taxes-to-the-retirements-pensions\/","title":{"rendered":"And now, taxes to the retirement&#8217;s pensions?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cuando el Ministro C\u00e1rdenas propone cobrar impuestos a las pensiones, a uno se le arruga el coraz\u00f3n.  Se imagina colas interminables de personas mayores, cobrando su mensualidad  en los azarosos \u00faltimos d\u00edas de su vida.  Y para colmo, ahora los obligar\u00edan a pagar impuestos sobre lo ahorrado con el sudor de su frente.<\/p>\n<p>Pero no. La propuesta es otra: se trata de un cobro del 5% sobre pensiones de 10 millones de pesos mensuales en adelante. La intenci\u00f3n es invertir la actual regresividad del sistema pensional, en el cual hay, en no pocas oportunidadades, gran diferencia entre lo que se aporta como trabajador(a) y lo que se recibe como pensionado(a).  <\/p>\n<p>El problema es que la regresividad var\u00eda seg\u00fan el r\u00e9gimen pensional y para atacar las desproporciones que denuncia el gobierno, habr\u00eda que establecer un esquema tributario diferenciado.  Para ello habr\u00eda que distinguir no s\u00f3lo el valor de las pensiones superiores a 10 millones, sino sus tipos y causas.<\/p>\n<p>Las pensiones pueden dividirse en tres grupos seg\u00fan el hecho que las causa:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Las de vejez que antes se llamaban de jubilaci\u00f3n y que se causan por la edad en la que se deja de ser econ\u00f3micamente activo;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Las pensiones de sobrevivientes que se causan por la muerte del afiliado; y<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Las de invalidez y riesgos profesionales que se generan cuando sobreviene  la incapacidad definida por la ley, causada por un accidente o una enfermedad.<\/p>\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n pueden dividirse en dos grupos seg\u00fan se trate del r\u00e9gimen de prima media (p\u00fablico) y el de ahorro individual (privado obligatorio y voluntario).<\/p>\n<p>-En el primer caso, se trata de reunir un n\u00famero de semanas cotizadas y una edad.<\/p>\n<p>-En el segundo caso, la pensi\u00f3n es el valor del capital ahorrado, durante los a\u00f1os en que el  trabajador est\u00e9 econ\u00f3micamente activo.<\/p>\n<p>En el marco de estas diversas categor\u00edas, el caso de la prima media es el m\u00e1s desproporcionado de todos.  Casi que el pensionado se gana una loter\u00eda a costa del Estado y en \u00faltimas, del contribuyente. Para garantizar estas pensiones, el Estado paga o subvenciona un alto porcentaje de las pensiones  de los que m\u00e1s tienen, o sea que el dinero  de trabajadores de salarios bajos, por v\u00eda de impuestos, sirve para cubrir el retiro de la capa de ingresos m\u00e1s altos de la poblaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>El caso de r\u00e9gimen privado es menos grave.  En este r\u00e9gimen, quien gracias a su ahorro individual, logra una pensi\u00f3n de 10 millones de pesos mensuales, desea leg\u00edtimamente gastarse la mesada que adquiri\u00f3 con el  esfuerzo de su ahorro durante muchos a\u00f1os. El aporte tributario se justificar\u00eda entonces, no porque el Estado subvencione para garantizar una mensualidad, sino por solidaridad con la poblaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s pobre.<\/p>\n<p>La tasa a pagar por concepto de impuestos, deber\u00eda ser menos alta en el r\u00e9gimen de ahorro individual que en el r\u00e9gimen de prima media, pero en todo caso, deber\u00eda haber un aporte por parte de los que m\u00e1s tienen, para redistribuir entre los que poco tienen. La raz\u00f3n del pago del impuesto var\u00eda, pero subsiste y explicar\u00eda una tasa menor.<\/p>\n<p>Los otros dos casos ser\u00edan el de la pensi\u00f3n de sobrevivencia que deber\u00eda pagar seg\u00fan el r\u00e9gimen privado o p\u00fablico en que se encuentre y la pensi\u00f3n por incapacidad y riesgo profesional.  En esta \u00faltima, el tama\u00f1o de la discapacidad deber\u00eda definir el nivel del aporte tributario, pues subsiste la solidaridad con aquel que est\u00e1 en peor situaci\u00f3n, pero el aporte podr\u00eda ser menor. As\u00ed, una incapacidad muy cercana al 100% podr\u00eda ser eximida del pago de la tasa tributaria.<\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, y con el fin de que el impuesto sea progresivo, deber\u00eda aplicarse una tasa creciente seg\u00fan el valor de la pensi\u00f3n que supere los 10 M.<\/p>\n<p>Muchos pondr\u00e1n el grito en el cielo cuando se habla de gravar pensiones y m\u00e1s a\u00fan de manera diferenciada.  Se argumentar\u00e1 que lo ahorrado ya ha pagado impuestos como parte del salario, pero esto no es cierto porque el aporte de pensi\u00f3n obligatoria es ingreso no constitutivo de renta y la voluntaria tiene un tratamiento muy ben\u00e9fico. Se dir\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n que se desincentiva el ahorro.  Pero esto tampoco es tan cierto pues cuando el ahorro se hace por otros medios como en CDT\u00b4s o se convierte en inversiones, tambi\u00e9n hay impuesto a pagar. Se alegar\u00e1 que en conquistas sociales como las pensionales no debe haber regresividad, pero esto no es absoluto, sobre todo cuando consulta par\u00e1metros de justicia y equidad, como en este caso. Por \u00faltimo, se pensar\u00e1 que se podr\u00eda violar el principio a la igualdad gravando diferenciadamente, pero todo impuesto se basa en la solidaridad y debe ser progresivo.  Adem\u00e1s, si en el caso de la prima media, el Estado  subvenciona m\u00e1s a los m\u00e1s ricos, con mayor raz\u00f3n \u00e9stos deben pagar impuesto sobre su pensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Es verdad que la reforma tributaria deber\u00eda atacar muy fuertemente otros desequilibrios graves como los carruseles de pensiones judiciales y algunos reg\u00edmenes especiales o gravar m\u00e1s el capital que el trabajo.  Sin embargo, la propuesta del gobierno de gravar las pensiones tambi\u00e9n es necesaria.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e1quina estatal debe tragar inequidades y generar redistribuci\u00f3n. Y el gobierno, los congresistas y los magistrados que manejan la m\u00e1quina  tienen una oportunidad importante para aportar en la correcci\u00f3n de  los desequilibrios entre los que nada tienen y los privilegiados.  Se trata de que 200,000 personas que en Colombia tienen pensiones superiores a 10 M y que no se arrastran en colas interminables para cobrar su pensi\u00f3n, sin dejar de descansar en su periodo de jubilaci\u00f3n, contribuyan a que Colombia deje de ser el pa\u00eds m\u00e1s desigual de la regi\u00f3n m\u00e1s desigual del mundo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When Minister C\u00e1rdenas proposes to tax the retirement&#8217;s pensions, ones heart shrinks. Imagine the neverending lines of older people, charging their monthly installment in the unfortunate last days of their lifes. And, to crown it all, they would now be forced to pay taxes for what their saved with the swet of their brows.<\/p>\n<p>However, that&#8217;s not the case. The proposal goes in another way: it is about charging 5% over pensions starting at 10 millions pesos a month. The intention is to invert the actual decline of the pensional system, where there are, not only in little opportunities, great differences between what is contributed as a worker and what is received as a retiree.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-la-silla-vacia-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>And now, taxes to the retirement&#039;s pensions? - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"And now, taxes to the retirement&#039;s pensions?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When Minister C\u00e1rdenas proposes to tax the retirement&#039;s pensions, ones heart shrinks. Imagine the neverending lines of older people, charging their monthly installment in the unfortunate last days of their lifes. And, to crown it all, they would now be forced to pay taxes for what their saved with the swet of their brows.  However, that&#039;s not the case. The proposal goes in another way: it is about charging 5% over pensions starting at 10 millions pesos a month. The intention is to invert the actual decline of the pensional system, where there are, not only in little opportunities, great differences between what is contributed as a worker and what is received as a retiree.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-11-27T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:52:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vivian Newman Pont\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vivian Newman Pont\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vivian Newman Pont\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d442c343059edb0b91c811f24a393102\"},\"headline\":\"And now, taxes to the retirement&#8217;s pensions?\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-11-27T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:52:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\"},\"wordCount\":1024,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2012\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/y-ahora-impuestos-a-las-pensiones\/\",\"name\":\"And now, taxes to the retirement's pensions? 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