{"id":27758,"date":"2012-12-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-02T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-iii\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:52:52","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:52:52","slug":"the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-non-reasons-for-the-extended-the-military-jurisdiction-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"The non reasons for the extended the military jurisdiction (III)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Creo haber mostrado en las dos columnas anteriores que no son aceptables ni las justificaciones t\u00e9cnicas (falta de conocimientos militares de los jueces ordinarios) ni normativas (falta de claridad en las reglas que regulan el combate militar) para ampliar el fuero militar.<\/p>\n<p>Frente a lo primero, basta con mejorar los conocimientos en derecho humanitario y asuntos militares de aquellos fiscales y jueces que deben conocer de esos asuntos; frente a lo segundo, basta con que se expida una ley que clarifique el marco normativo sustantivo de las operaciones militares.<br \/>\nFalta pues examinar el argumento pr\u00e1ctico que invocan los defensores de la ampliaci\u00f3n del fuero militar.<br \/>\nLa tesis es que hoy los militares no quieren combatir por temor a terminar empapelados, pues los fiscales les abrir\u00edan un proceso judicial cada vez que realizan un combate en donde muere un guerrillero, a pesar de que claramente se trate de un acto leg\u00edtimo de guerra.<br \/>\nPero esa justificaci\u00f3n simplemente no es cierta, como lo han destacado Human Rights Watch y Todd Howland, representante en Colombia de la alta comisionada de derechos humanos. En efecto, seg\u00fan datos de la Fiscal\u00eda, en marzo de 2012 hab\u00eda 1.708 casos abiertos contra 4.122 miembros de la Fuerza P\u00fablica por graves violaciones a los derechos humanos. Una cifra alta que parecer\u00eda dar raz\u00f3n a quienes sostienen que la justicia ordinaria tiene empapelados a los militares y polic\u00edas.<br \/>\nUn examen m\u00e1s atento muestra, sin embargo, que la mayor parte de las investigaciones se abrieron entre 2002 y 2008, que coincide con el per\u00edodo de los mal llamados \u201cfalsos positivos\u201d, esos terribles asesinatos cometidos masivamente por miembros del Ej\u00e9rcito. En 2007 se iniciaron 600 casos, cifra que contrasta con el bajo n\u00famero de procesos abiertos antes y despu\u00e9s de este per\u00edodo: once en 2000, ocho en 2001, trece en 2009, cinco en 2010 y tres en 2011.<br \/>\nComo se recordar\u00e1, en 2008, el gobierno Uribe, cuando el presidente Santos era su ministro de Defensa, tom\u00f3 medidas administrativas que llevaron a la disminuci\u00f3n significativa de los falsos positivos. Y a partir de esa fecha cay\u00f3 radicalmente el n\u00famero de apertura de investigaciones de la Fiscal\u00eda contra los militares y polic\u00edas por violaciones graves a los derechos humanos.<br \/>\nNo es pues cierto que la justicia colombiana tenga animadversi\u00f3n contra los militares y los est\u00e9 empapelando. Simplemente, la Fiscal\u00eda abri\u00f3 muchas investigaciones cuando estaban ocurriendo muchos asesinatos fuera de combate por miembros de la Fuerza P\u00fablica.<br \/>\nNo hay pues ninguna justificaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica, ni normativa, ni pr\u00e1ctica para reformar la constituci\u00f3n para ampliar el fuero militar, que es lo que pretende hacer el proyecto en curso, que deber\u00eda ser archivado. Los posibles problemas en el juzgamiento de los militares y polic\u00edas pueden ser corregidos por v\u00edas distintas, y no por una reforma que es mala incluso para la Fuerza P\u00fablica, pues el esfuerzo por sustraerla de la vigilancia de jueces externos independientes no puede sino generar sospechas de que lo que se busca es la impunidad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I think I have shown in the last two columns that neither the technical justifications (absence of military knowledge of ordinary judges) nor the normative ones (absence of clarity on the rules that regulate the military combat) are acceptable to extend the military jurisdiction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-judicial-reform","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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