{"id":27807,"date":"2013-01-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-01-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/venezuelan-constitutionalism\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:53:42","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:53:42","slug":"venezuelan-constitutionalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/venezuelan-constitutionalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuelan constitutionalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La in\u00e9dita situaci\u00f3n que se ha presentado en Venezuela con ocasi\u00f3n de la enfermedad de Ch\u00e1vez ha dado pie a un enconado debate constitucional en el pa\u00eds vecino. Para algunos, la decisi\u00f3n de dar continuidad al gobierno saliente hasta tanto se lleve a cabo la toma de posesi\u00f3n y juramento de Ch\u00e1vez es un claro fraude a la Constituci\u00f3n. Se ha hablado incluso de usurpaci\u00f3n del poder y golpe de Estado. Para otros, la decisi\u00f3n preserva la voluntad popular expresada en los comicios en los que result\u00f3 elegido Ch\u00e1vez y de este modo, lejos de violar la Constituci\u00f3n, lo que hace es honrarla.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan los opositores y algunos constitucionalistas venezolanos, ante la ausencia de Ch\u00e1vez en la toma de posesi\u00f3n, se deb\u00eda encargar temporalmente de la presidencia al presidente de la Asamblea Nacional y convocar a elecciones en el plazo de 30 d\u00edas. Sin embargo, no parec\u00eda ser esta la salida dictada por la Constituci\u00f3n, pues se trata de una opci\u00f3n prevista \u00fanicamente para los casos  en que existe una falta absoluta del Presidente electo. No era este el caso. Tendr\u00eda que haber muerto Ch\u00e1vez o existir una certificaci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica de su incapacidad f\u00edsica o mental permanente; o tendr\u00eda que haber renunciado o la Asamblea haber declarado el abandono del cargo. Pero nada de esto hab\u00eda pasado antes de la posesi\u00f3n. Otra cosa es que se haya eludido la determinaci\u00f3n de si dado el estado de salud de Ch\u00e1vez existe una falta absoluta. Pero en ausencia de una certificaci\u00f3n sobre su incapacidad permanente, esta v\u00eda no parec\u00eda ser la indicada.<\/p>\n<p>Lo cierto es que, a diferencia de la anterior Constituci\u00f3n de 1961 que establec\u00eda una salida clara en caso de que el Presidente no pudiera asistir a la posesi\u00f3n por cualquier raz\u00f3n, la actual solo prev\u00e9 una salida en caso de que exista una falta absoluta. En tanto no era este el caso, lo que hizo el Tribunal Supremo fue llenar el vac\u00edo con la tesis de la continuidad del mandato que permite que el gobierno saliente permanezca en el ejercicio del poder. \u00bfHasta cu\u00e1ndo? Por ahora, por tiempo indefinido pues tanto la Asamblea como el Tribunal han insistido en que no hay una falta temporal del Presidente \u2013que tiene un l\u00edmite de 180 d\u00edas\u2014, sino un permiso para estar por fuera del pa\u00eds por el tiempo necesario para su recuperaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>En este caso es dif\u00edcil hablar de un fraude constitucional, considerando que se trataba de llenar un vac\u00edo y que la tesis de la continuidad, aunque problem\u00e1tica, no carec\u00eda totalmente de asidero. M\u00e1s bien, la tesis ilustra bien algunos de los rasgos \u2013y los riesgos- del constitucionalismo que se ha gestado de la mano del chavismo. El primero es el lugar preeminente del principio de soberan\u00eda popular. Uno de los argumentos centrales del Tribunal fue precisamente el de la preservaci\u00f3n de la voluntad popular que opt\u00f3 por reelegir a Ch\u00e1vez.<\/p>\n<p>El problema es que esta invocaci\u00f3n a la soberan\u00eda del pueblo se confunde con la soberan\u00eda de quien es presentado como su portavoz: todos somos Ch\u00e1vez, dicen en las calles. Y aqu\u00ed aparece el segundo rasgo. El notable fortalecimiento del poder presidencial en detrimento de dos principios medulares de la democracia liberal: la alternaci\u00f3n en el poder y la independencia entre las ramas del Estado. En este caso, desdice de la independencia del Tribunal Supremo el que haya eludido el tema de los dispositivos constitucionales para hacer frente a la ausencia Ch\u00e1vez (la falta temporal o la convocatoria de una junta m\u00e9dica), y de este modo haya dejado indefinido el tiempo de extensi\u00f3n del mandato del gobierno saliente.<\/p>\n<p>Estos dos rasgos no caracterizan totalmente el tipo de constitucionalismo que se ha ido gestando de la mano del chavismo, pero s\u00ed son dos de sus rasgos m\u00e1s peculiares. Y como estos suscitan miedos y esperanzas m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las fronteras venezolanas, bien vale la pena discutir sobre ellos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The unedited situation that has presented itself in Venezuela due to the sickness of Ch\u00e1vez has caused a bitter constitutional in the neighbor country. To some, the decision of giving continuity to the living government until the possession and oath of Ch\u00e1vez is a clear fraud to the Constitution. It has been even been spoken of power usurpation and Coop d&#8217;Etat. To others the decision of preserving the popular will expressed in the elections in wich Ch\u00e1vez was elected is not violating the Constitution but honoring it.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","subcategory-institutional-strengthening","medium-la-silla-vacia-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Venezuelan constitutionalism - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/venezuelan-constitutionalism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Venezuelan constitutionalism\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The unedited situation that has presented itself in Venezuela due to the sickness of Ch\u00e1vez has caused a bitter constitutional in the neighbor country. To some, the decision of giving continuity to the living government until the possession and oath of Ch\u00e1vez is a clear fraud to the Constitution. It has been even been spoken of power usurpation and Coop d&#039;Etat. 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