{"id":27895,"date":"2013-03-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-03-16T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-land-that-the-incora-plundered\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:55:36","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:55:36","slug":"the-land-that-the-incora-plundered","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-land-that-the-incora-plundered\/","title":{"rendered":"The land that the Incora plundered"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El despojo de tierras fue causado no solo por actores ilegales, sino tambi\u00e9n por el Estado, seg\u00fan el primer fallo de restituci\u00f3n del Cesar.<br \/>\nRecientemente fue proferida la primera sentencia de restituci\u00f3n de tierras en el departamento del Cesar. Aunque varios puntos de esta decisi\u00f3n merecen menci\u00f3n detallada, me concentrar\u00e9 exclusivamente en uno de ellos: el Incora como uno de los actores despojadores de tierras.<\/p>\n<p>Esta es la historia. En 1991, Robinson de la Cruz y Juan Manuel Rodr\u00edguez, junto con otras 85 familias, llegan a \u201cEl Toco\u201d, predio ubicado en el corregimiento de Brasiles, municipio San Diego, Cesar. En raz\u00f3n a esto, el Incora los seleccion\u00f3 como beneficiarios del subsidio de compra de tierras (a Robinson de manera directa asign\u00e1ndole la parcela 53 y a Juan en calidad de \u201creubicable\u201d o \u201csuplente\u201d). <\/p>\n<p>En 1997 incursion\u00f3 en la regi\u00f3n el Bloque Norte de las AUC, comandado por Jhon Jairo Esquivel alias \u201cEl Tigre\u201d, perpetrando masacres, asesinatos selectivos, hurtos y el desplazamiento masivo de las familias que hab\u00edan participado en el proceso de toma del predio, incluida la de Robinson. Debido a las incursiones permanentes del grupo armado en el corregimiento, y el peligro que esto representaba para sus vidas, Robinson y su familia deciden no retornar. <\/p>\n<p>En raz\u00f3n al abandono de la parcela 53, el Incora seleccion\u00f3 de la lista de suplentes a Juan Manuel, con el fin de otorgarle el subsidio. Igual que en el caso anterior, por el contexto de violencia, Juan decide desplazarse renunciando a la parcela y vendiendo las mejoras hechas al predio a un tercero. Este tercero fue posteriormente beneficiario de la adjudicaci\u00f3n de dicha parcela, aun cuando, a diferencia de Robinson y Juan, no hab\u00eda ejercido la posesi\u00f3n del predio. <\/p>\n<p>En el desarrollo de este caso el Incora incurri\u00f3 en varias actuaciones irregulares, adem\u00e1s censurables. <\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, el Instituto modific\u00f3 varias veces la lista de beneficiarios del subsidio, a sabiendas de que los seleccionados hab\u00edan abandonado los predios en raz\u00f3n al desplazamiento forzado. Por ejemplo, los archivos del Instituto dan cuenta de una comunicaci\u00f3n de Robinson en la cual \u00e9l informa el desplazamiento forzado de que fue v\u00edctima en 1997, la imposibilidad de participar en los procesos de retorno y una posterior solicitud de reclamaci\u00f3n de la parcela. Ambas comunicaciones fueron ignoradas por esta entidad al momento de adjudicar el predio a un tercero.  <\/p>\n<p>En segundo lugar, el entonces Incora admiti\u00f3 la venta de derechos de los beneficiarios a terceros, en medio de un contexto de violencia y temor generalizados. Sin duda, estas circunstancias debieron ser examinadas por el Instituto, teniendo en cuenta que dichos terceros se beneficiaron posteriormente de las adjudicaciones. <\/p>\n<p>Finalmente, en muchos casos, dichas ventas se realizaron muy por debajo del precio real. En el caso de Juan, se\u00f1ala la juez, \u201cla compra del bien se realiz\u00f3 por un valor irrisorio, que solo pod\u00eda adquirirse a ese precio aprovech\u00e1ndose de una situaci\u00f3n de violencia\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Este es el primer fallo de una juez de restituci\u00f3n, que da cuenta de abandonos forzados causados por la violencia sobre poblaciones rurales que hab\u00edan adelantado importantes procesos de toma, posesi\u00f3n y ocupaci\u00f3n de tierras. A ello se suman posteriores actuaciones de entidades del Estado, que con apariencia de \u201clegalidad\u201d consolidaron el despojo de dichos territorios. En este caso el responsable del despojo jur\u00eddico fue el Incora, al adjudicar derechos irregularmente y sin el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales. <\/p>\n<p>Y es apenas el comienzo de una larga lista de actuaciones ilegales de las instituciones del Estado que deber\u00e1n ser revisadas por los jueces y magistrados de restituci\u00f3n de tierras. Lo anterior por cuanto esta forma de despojo no oper\u00f3 en pocos casos, sino que por el contrario, fue muy frecuente en varias regiones de la geograf\u00eda Colombiana. <\/p>\n<p>Aunque esta es, sin lugar a dudas, una decisi\u00f3n que demuestra avances importantes en la labor de los jueces de garantizar a las v\u00edctimas el derecho a la restituci\u00f3n, esperamos que la verdad salga a flote y queden develados los intereses que actores legales e ilegales tuvieron y tienen en el despojo de tierras a millones de personas en este pa\u00eds<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The plundering of lands was caused not only by ilegal actors, but also by the State, according the first decision on restitution in the Cesar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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