{"id":28023,"date":"2013-06-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-06-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-risks-of-a-constitutional-assembly\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:58:19","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:58:19","slug":"the-risks-of-a-constitutional-assembly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-risks-of-a-constitutional-assembly\/","title":{"rendered":"The risks of a constitutional assembly"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Para que un eventual acuerdo de paz sea duradero y leg\u00edtimo, es vital que la ciudadan\u00eda lo refrende en las urnas. Como lo mostr\u00f3 mi colega Rodrigo Uprimny en sus columnas, el reto es encontrar el mecanismo apropiado: que sea participativo y democr\u00e1tico, pero a la vez resistente a las fuerzas pol\u00edticas que quieren sabotear el proceso de paz o aprovecharlo para desmantelar la Constituci\u00f3n de 1991.<\/p>\n<p>La asamblea constituyente es la opci\u00f3n preferida por varios sectores. Por razones muy dis\u00edmiles, la proponen las Farc, el uribismo y algunas organizaciones de la sociedad civil.<\/p>\n<p>Una constituyente podr\u00eda lograr el dif\u00edcil equilibrio entre democracia y paz, sobre todo si es convocada para decidir temas puntuales y ampl\u00eda la participaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edctimas y otros grupos vulnerables. Pero acarrea al menos tres riesgos serios, que ameritan una discusi\u00f3n profunda.<br \/>\nEl primero es la tentaci\u00f3n que tendr\u00edan los constituyentes de hacer reformas que vayan m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de lo previsto en las negociaciones de paz. Una vez elegida, la asamblea podr\u00eda interpretar su mandato expansivamente y revisar temas estructurales, desde el sistema electoral hasta los derechos fundamentales.<\/p>\n<p>Se trata de un problema com\u00fan en las transiciones constitucionales. Estuvo presente en 1991, cuando se discuti\u00f3 si la asamblea era \u201cconstituida\u201d o \u201cconstituyente\u201d, es decir, si ten\u00eda l\u00edmites o era soberana. Los constituyentes respondieron lo segundo y tomaron decisiones como revocar el mandato de los congresistas. Un debate similar se dio en Ecuador en 2008, y en Egipto el a\u00f1o pasado.<\/p>\n<p>De ah\u00ed el segundo riesgo: que la constituyente viole el punto de partida del proceso de paz que buscar\u00eda refrendar. Acertadamente, el Gobierno y las Farc acordaron una agenda concreta de cinco puntos. Adem\u00e1s de hacer el proceso manejable, este l\u00edmite permite hablar de reformas profundas dentro del marco jur\u00eddico de 1991, sin abrir a negociaci\u00f3n con las Farc toda la estructura constitucional. Pero las Farc insisten en ir m\u00e1s all\u00e1, como lo sugiri\u00f3 Andr\u00e9s Par\u00eds en este diario. Abrir la puerta para que logren en la constituyente lo que no consigan en las negociaciones terminar\u00eda desnaturalizando el proceso.<\/p>\n<p>El tercer riesgo es la contrarreforma de la Constituci\u00f3n de 1991. Las Farc no son las \u00fanicas interesadas en hacerle una cirug\u00eda profunda. El uribismo \u2014cuya maquinaria le asegurar\u00eda un buen n\u00famero de curules\u2014 hace tiempo est\u00e1 proponiendo una constituyente para desmontar todo lo que le disgusta de la Constituci\u00f3n de 1991, comenzando por la prohibici\u00f3n de una nueva reelecci\u00f3n de Uribe. Los parapol\u00edticos, las bacrim y otros grupos mafiosos se asegurar\u00edan tambi\u00e9n de hacer elegir a sus representantes.<br \/>\nEl resultado puede ser una asamblea dominada por una coalici\u00f3n de sectores extremos. De un lado, las Farc, que deber\u00edan tener representaci\u00f3n como resultado del acuerdo de paz. Del otro, la derecha legal e ilegal. Como lo muestran las alianzas de las Farc con las bacrim en varias regiones, los extremos pueden lograr acuerdos. Y de ellos saldr\u00edan reformas que reflejen los valores antidemocr\u00e1ticos que comparten, muy distintos de los de la mayor\u00eda liberal igualitaria que domin\u00f3 en 1991.<\/p>\n<p>Admito que estoy pensando en el peor escenario posible. Pero, como lo dijo el legendario juez Oliver Holmes, cuando se dise\u00f1an instituciones, hay que hacerlo pensando en lo que los malos har\u00edan con ellas.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso, me parece m\u00e1s aconsejable una consulta popular, en la que se pregunte a la ciudadan\u00eda si refrenda el eventual acuerdo de paz. Se trata de una opci\u00f3n imperfecta. Pero quiz\u00e1s menos que una constituyente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For an eventual peace agreement to be lasting and legitimate, it is vital that citizens ratify it at the ballot box. As my colleague Rodrigo Uprimny showed in his Op-Eds, the challenge is finding the appropriate mechanism: for it to be participatory and democratic, but at the same time resistant to political forces aimed at sabotaging the peace process or taking advantage of it in order to dismantle the 1991 Constitution. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The risks of a constitutional assembly - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The risks of a constitutional assembly\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For an eventual peace agreement to be lasting and legitimate, it is vital that citizens ratify it at the ballot box. As my colleague Rodrigo Uprimny showed in his Op-Eds, the challenge is finding the appropriate mechanism: for it to be participatory and democratic, but at the same time resistant to political forces aimed at sabotaging the peace process or taking advantage of it in order to dismantle the 1991 Constitution.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-06-11T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T12:58:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\"},\"headline\":\"The risks of a constitutional assembly\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-06-11T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T12:58:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\"},\"wordCount\":623,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2013\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/los-riesgos-de-una-asamblea-constituyente\/\",\"name\":\"The risks of a constitutional assembly - 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