{"id":28059,"date":"2013-07-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-07-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/from-rio-to-catatumbo-there-are-many-differences\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:58:58","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:58:58","slug":"from-rio-to-catatumbo-there-are-many-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/from-rio-to-catatumbo-there-are-many-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"From Rio to Catatumbo there are many differences"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En su columna de El Espectador, C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito se\u00f1ala algunas lecciones de la \u201cprimavera brasilera\u201d que a su juicio podr\u00edan ser \u00fatiles para el caso colombiano. Pero la emotividad y optimismo de Rodr\u00edguez contrastan con la percepci\u00f3n p\u00fablica sobre la protesta campesina del Catatumbo.<\/p>\n<p>Mientras que gran parte de los internautas \u2013 en su mayor\u00eda con IPs en las grandes ciudades de Colombia \u2013 se solidarizan masivamente y se emocionan al ver las multitudinarias manifestaciones de R\u00edo de Janeiro o San Pablo, se alejan por completo de la protesta que lleva ya casi mes y medio en el Norte de Santander.<\/p>\n<p>Pareciera que las primaveras en Colombia no florecen. Si bien, como lo ha demostrado Mauricio Archila, la protesta social ha aumentado en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, las movilizaciones ciudadanas urbanas, espont\u00e1neas y masivas como las de otros pa\u00edses han sido poco comunes. As\u00ed como m\u00ednima ha sido la solidaridad de los habitantes urbanos respecto de la problem\u00e1tica social de las regiones.<\/p>\n<p>Las grandes marchas y movilizaciones (que tampoco han sido tan multitudinarias como sus promotores siempre pregonan) han tenido una maquinaria pol\u00edtica determinada detr\u00e1s de ellas. Incluso marchas de repudio a situaciones de alto impacto nacional y atrocidades del conflicto han tenido siempre un padrino pol\u00edtico determinado. Por ejemplo, las marchas por las v\u00edctimas de uno u otro actor armado (como las del secuestro, las de las v\u00edctimas de desapariciones, la paz) siempre han sido reivindicadas por un sector pol\u00edtico espec\u00edfico y estigmatizadas por el otro.  <\/p>\n<p>El tema es complejo y tiene muchas vertientes explicativas en la sociolog\u00eda de los movimientos sociales. Al menos tres de \u00e9stas han sido usadas como explicaciones comunes  en Colombia.<\/p>\n<p>Para unos existe una explicaci\u00f3n hist\u00f3rico-econ\u00f3mica del asunto que se deriva de la hegemon\u00eda del sector cafetero en la econom\u00eda nacional.  Seg\u00fan esta teor\u00eda, en la medida en que en el siglo pasado el gremio cafetero asumi\u00f3 un liderazgo econ\u00f3mico y estuvo al margen de la protesta social, la movilizaci\u00f3n social nunca tuvo la fuerza suficiente para convertirse en un motor atractivo de cambio pues, gracias al impulso del sector cafetero, la econom\u00eda pod\u00eda seguir adelante sin importar los paros de otros sectores.<\/p>\n<p>Otros le achacan el problema a la guerrilla. Se aduce que la existencia de una extrema izquierda armada ha minado los proyectos sociales progresistas del pa\u00eds y la movilizaci\u00f3n social mediante dos v\u00edas. Por un lado, con la existencia de la guerrilla  &#8211; y de su contraparte armada en la derecha \u2013 se cre\u00f3 un sistema de estigmatizaci\u00f3n de la protesta que lleg\u00f3 hasta la eliminaci\u00f3n f\u00edsica de quien tuviera el valor de movilizarse. Por el otro, se dice que la complacencia de la izquierda con los medios ejercicios por la guerrilla termin\u00f3 generando un desincentivo para la movilizaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como una crisis de legitimidad de la protesta.<\/p>\n<p>Un tercer sector ha visto el problema en la reivindicaci\u00f3n judicial de los derechos, principalmente en la tutela. Para ellos, la \u201ctutelitis\u201d del pa\u00eds ha hecho que la sociedad (sobre todo la urbana de clase media y alta con m\u00e1s acceso a las cortes) vea en la v\u00eda judicial una forma m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil y menos costosa de obtener ciertas reivindicaciones, sin la necesidad de tomarse el trabajo de organizarse y movilizarse por sus derechos. Dicen que por esto no hay, por ejemplo, un gran movimiento en Colombia por la salud o por la vivienda, pues las cortes terminaron suprimiendo la necesidad de que la ciudadan\u00eda se organizara para defender estos derechos.<\/p>\n<p>Cualquiera que se la explicaci\u00f3n, o incluso si es la sumatoria de \u00e9stas y otras, no parece que la onda primaveral vaya a tener un clima propicio en Colombia mientras los sectores urbanos no se interesen en la manifestaci\u00f3n popular regional. Si la reacci\u00f3n urbana frente a la protesta sigue siendo la reducci\u00f3n del problema a la \u201cinfiltraci\u00f3n de la guerrilla\u201d (como en el caso Catatumbo), o la \u201cignorancia de los indios\u201d (como sucedi\u00f3 en Toribio), las masas urbanas dif\u00edcilmente ver\u00e1n como leg\u00edtimo el veh\u00edculo de la protesta y movilizaci\u00f3n para sus propios intereses.<\/p>\n<p>Es tal vez por eso m\u00e1s importante seguir la situaci\u00f3n de Tib\u00fa que las atractivas marchas cariocas y paulistas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In his Op-Ed in El Espectador, C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito points out some lessons about the &#8220;Brazilian spring&#8221;, which according to him, could be useful for the Colombian case. But Rodriguez&#8217;s optimism and intense emotion contrast with the public perception regarding the protests led by farmers in Catatumbo.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1773,1605,6465],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internationalization","category-economic-justice","category-noticias-internacional-en","subcategory-globalization","medium-la-silla-vacia-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>From Rio to Catatumbo there are many differences - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/from-rio-to-catatumbo-there-are-many-differences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Rio to Catatumbo there are many differences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In his Op-Ed in El Espectador, C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito points out some lessons about the &quot;Brazilian spring&quot;, which according to him, could be useful for the Colombian case. 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