{"id":28111,"date":"2013-08-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-20T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/gold-rocks-and-consultations\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:59:52","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:59:52","slug":"gold-rocks-and-consultations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/gold-rocks-and-consultations\/","title":{"rendered":"Gold, rocks and consultations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En Piedras, Tolima, se juega el futuro de la democracia participativa y el medio ambiente en Colombia. All\u00ed tuvo lugar la primera consulta popular sobre un proyecto minero (La Colosa), que ser\u00eda uno de los m\u00e1s grandes del pa\u00eds y la estrella en el portafolio nacional de Anglo Gold, la multinacional aur\u00edfera.<\/p>\n<p>En Piedras estar\u00eda ubicada la planta donde se separar\u00eda el oro de las rocas mediante el uso de qu\u00edmicos riesgosos. A eso se opuso el 98% de los participantes en una consulta que sigui\u00f3 todos los tr\u00e1mites legales. Como las consultas son vinculantes, le corresponde ahora al alcalde obedecer el mandato popular.<\/p>\n<p>El problema es que el gobierno nacional le cerr\u00f3 el paso a este tipo de vetos locales a la miner\u00eda en un controvertido decreto (el 934) de mayo de este a\u00f1o. \u00bfQu\u00e9 prima, entonces? \u00bfLa democracia participativa y la protecci\u00f3n del medio ambiente, o la propiedad del Estado sobre los yacimientos minerales?<\/p>\n<p>La pregunta tiene aristas legales y pol\u00edticas. Jur\u00eddicamente, uno de los ejes de la Constituci\u00f3n del 91 es la participaci\u00f3n ciudadana con poder de decisi\u00f3n. Por ello se crearon los referendos, los plebiscitos, las revocatorias del mandato, las consultas populares como la de Piedras y otras formas de participaci\u00f3n directa que resultan en decisiones obligatorias para las autoridades p\u00fablicas.<br \/>\nPero la misma Constituci\u00f3n le dio al Estado central, en cabeza del presidente, la propiedad y la potestad de regular el uso de los recursos mineros. De ah\u00ed que el Gobierno argumente que ni los habitantes de los municipios, ni los alcaldes o gobernadores, pueden vetar la miner\u00eda en sus territorios.<\/p>\n<p>Aunque el tema es complejo y ser\u00e1 dirimido por el Consejo de Estado, la posici\u00f3n del Gobierno no tiene fundamento jur\u00eddico s\u00f3lido. Primero, porque desconocer la votaci\u00f3n popular dejar\u00eda sin efectos la participaci\u00f3n de los ciudadanos \u201cen los asuntos que los afectan\u201d (art. 2 de la Constituci\u00f3n). Si pueden votar por la remoci\u00f3n de un mal alcalde, \u00bfc\u00f3mo no podr\u00edan hacerlo sobre un proyecto minero que tendr\u00eda consecuencias a\u00fan m\u00e1s profundas y permanentes sobre su salud, su futuro econ\u00f3mico y su permanencia en sus tierras y viviendas?<\/p>\n<p>Segundo, el C\u00f3digo Minero de 2001 (art. 35) les permite a las autoridades municipales limitar las actividades mineras en su territorio. Aunque el C\u00f3digo habla de \u201crestringir\u201d en lugar de \u201cprohibir\u201d, deja un margen de apreciaci\u00f3n a los alcaldes que puede ser utilizado para atender la voluntad popular en casos como el de Piedras, o para cerrar las canteras en Bogot\u00e1, como lo quiere hacer la Alcald\u00eda. Por eso mismo, el decreto reciente del Gobierno podr\u00eda ser ilegal.<\/p>\n<p>Los argumentos pol\u00edticos dan una respuesta m\u00e1s contundente. Porque las consultas son el mecanismo ideal para canalizar pac\u00edfica y democr\u00e1ticamente las inquietudes y reclamos locales, y ofrecen una alternativa institucional a los bloqueos y v\u00edas de hecho. Adem\u00e1s, no hay proyecto minero que tenga \u00e9xito si las comunidades locales se oponen, como lo saben bien las empresas. De hecho, las consultas han detenido otros proyectos aur\u00edferos aun en pa\u00edses donde no son obligatorias, como pas\u00f3 en la mina de Esquel en Argentina o en la de Cajamarca en Per\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso yerra el Gobierno al criticar las consultas populares (y las consultas previas con ind\u00edgenas y afros) con tanta acrimonia como lo hace con los paros. En lugar de ello, deber\u00eda reconocerlas y ordenarlas con reglas de juego claras. Y dejar de lanzar acusaciones infundadas de corrupci\u00f3n y sabotaje contra sus promotores.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the town of Piedras, located in the state of Tolima in Colombia, the future of participatory democracy and the environment is at stake. The first prior consultation related to a mining project (La Colosa) took place in this town. This project would be one of the largest of the country and a star within the national portfolio of Anglo Gold, the gold mining multinational.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1615],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-justice","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gold, rocks and consultations - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/oro-piedras-y-consultas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gold, rocks and consultations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the town of Piedras, located in the state of Tolima in Colombia, the future of participatory democracy and the environment is at stake. 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