{"id":28115,"date":"2013-08-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-08-24T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-farce-of-public-land\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T07:59:57","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:59:57","slug":"the-farce-of-public-land","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-farce-of-public-land\/","title":{"rendered":"The farce of public land"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Muchos individuoos divid\u00edan las tierras en peque\u00f1os segmentos para que sus amigos y familiares las reclamaran al Gobierno de conformidad con lo permitido por la ley.<\/p>\n<p>Una vez adjudicadas, las tierras eran reconstituidas a trav\u00e9s de documentos de venta ficticios\u201d. Aunque lo parezca, esta descripci\u00f3n no se refiere a la apropiaci\u00f3n de bald\u00edos que recientemente hizo Riopaila, con la \u201csofisticada\u201d asesor\u00eda (i)legal de Brigard &#038; Urrutia. Se refiere a una pr\u00e1ctica bastante frecuente de los especuladores colombianos a fines del siglo XIX.<br \/>\nCuenta Catherine LeGrand que cuando el pa\u00eds vivi\u00f3 su primer boom exportador, los precios de las tierras aumentaron exponencialmente y, con ellos, los incentivos de apropiaci\u00f3n de la tierra p\u00fablica. Entonces, como ahora, las leyes no permit\u00edan la acumulaci\u00f3n ilimitada de bald\u00edos, pues buscaban garantizar el acceso equitativo a la tierra. Pero tambi\u00e9n entonces, como ahora, los incentivos de acumular tierras eran tan altos que los l\u00edmites impuestos por las leyes se ignoraban o manipulaban, en muchos casos con la asesor\u00eda de diestros abogados y con la complacencia gubernamental.<\/p>\n<p>Como seg\u00fan Marx la historia se repite y tras la tragedia viene la farsa, se dice que el Gobierno actual quiere legalizar las acumulaciones de bald\u00edos que ya se realizaron para evitar inseguridad jur\u00eddica y conflicto social. Esto ignora que fue precisamente la validaci\u00f3n de la acumulaci\u00f3n ilegal de tierras lo que permiti\u00f3 la conformaci\u00f3n de grandes latifundios y el despojo de colonos campesinos, que condujeron a un conflicto rural que desde hace 100 a\u00f1os no recibe una soluci\u00f3n adecuada.<\/p>\n<p>Los campesinos v\u00edctimas de los primeros despojos protestaron ante el Gobierno y los jueces, y ocuparon tierras de terratenientes alegando que los t\u00edtulos a trav\u00e9s de los cuales las hab\u00edan obtenido eran ilegales. Como mucho hab\u00eda de cierto en ello, en 1926 la Corte Suprema orden\u00f3 que todas las tierras del pa\u00eds se presumieran bald\u00edas de modo que quienes se alegaban due\u00f1os tuvieran que probar (a trav\u00e9s de t\u00edtulos originarios) que las tierras hab\u00edan salido legalmente del poder del Estado y que hab\u00edan sido transferidas sin violar ninguna ley. La prueba ordenada fue considerada \u201cdiab\u00f3lica\u201d por los terratenientes, que en muy pocos casos ten\u00edan seguridad de haber obtenido sus tierras de modo legal. Dada la oposici\u00f3n terrateniente y la desidia frente a la situaci\u00f3n del campesinado, el gobierno liberal no adopt\u00f3 la f\u00f3rmula propuesta por la Corte, sino que expidi\u00f3 una ley de reforma agraria que acept\u00f3 como v\u00e1lidos t\u00edtulos de dudosa proveniencia. Con ello, permiti\u00f3 que muchos despojos fueran legalizados y que muchos colonos ocupantes fueran desalojados.<\/p>\n<p>Por eso, muchos consideran que la reforma agraria en Colombia fracas\u00f3 y que a\u00fan estamos en mora de resolver las injusticias del campo. El Gobierno parece aceptar esa tesis, pues discuti\u00f3 con las Farc el problema agrario y anunci\u00f3 haber llegado a soluciones concretas. Sin embargo, su aparente inter\u00e9s en convalidar las operaciones ilegales de bald\u00edos que ya se realizaron borra con el codo lo que hace con la mano. Esa soluci\u00f3n es una farsa, pues permitir\u00eda nuevas formas de concentraci\u00f3n de la propiedad y facilitar\u00eda nuevos despojos, perpetuando as\u00ed el conflicto rural.<\/p>\n<p>Si no queremos repetir la historia y mantener vivo el conflicto, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 no invertimos la carga de la prueba, como lo propon\u00eda la Corte de los 20, y exigimos que, para conservar las tierras bald\u00edas del Estado, los sofisticados abogados de los especuladores deban probarnos que fueron obtenidas sin violar ninguna ley?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many individuals divided their land in small segments so that their friends and family can claim them from the government, according to the law. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1605,1611],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economic-justice","category-transitional-justice","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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