{"id":28145,"date":"2013-09-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/companies-and-human-rights\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:01:03","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T13:01:03","slug":"companies-and-human-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/companies-and-human-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Companies and human rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo logra que Chiquita responda en Colombia por las v\u00edctimas de grupos armados ilegales que habr\u00eda ayudado a financiar?<\/p>\n<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo evitar que marcas como Zara y Gap se lucren de las inaceptables condiciones laborales de las f\u00e1bricas de ropa en Bangladesh? \u00bfQu\u00e9 hacer para que las grandes empresas mineras o farmac\u00e9uticas cumplan est\u00e1ndares exigentes de derechos humanos alrededor del mundo, como lo tienen que hacer en sus pa\u00edses de origen? \u00bfC\u00f3mo estimular las pr\u00e1cticas empresariales respetuosas de los derechos, y sancionar las que los violan?<\/p>\n<p>Aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 uno de los principales retos de los derechos humanos, sobre el que gir\u00f3 un importante evento organizado por el gobierno colombiano y el Grupo de Trabajo de la ONU sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, celebrado en Medell\u00edn hace dos semanas.<\/p>\n<p>Durante 65 a\u00f1os, la comunidad internacional ha impulsado un marco jur\u00eddico que obliga a los estados a garantizar los derechos humanos. Pero en la econom\u00eda global, muchos de los actores m\u00e1s poderosos no son estados, sino empresas. Cuando se comparan las ventas de las compa\u00f1\u00edas multinacionales con los PIB de los estados, se encuentra que 51 de las 100 econom\u00edas m\u00e1s grandes del mundo son empresas. Por ejemplo, si Wal-Mart fuera un estado, ser\u00eda tan pudiente como Suecia, y superar\u00eda a 170 pa\u00edses, incluidos todos los latinoamericanos, salvo Brasil y M\u00e9xico. La petrolera Shell ser\u00eda tan rica como Austria, por encima de 160 estados.<br \/>\nCon el poder, viene el riesgo de abusar de \u00e9l. Wal-Mart es conocida por sus bajos salarios y sus t\u00e1cticas antisindicales. Shell ha sido llevada a juicio en EE.UU. por acusaciones de complicidad con graves violaciones de derechos humanos en sus campos petroleros de Nigeria.<\/p>\n<p>El problema es que no existe un tratado internacional que regule la responsabilidad de las empresas por este tipo de violaciones. La respuesta de la ONU y la comunidad internacional fueron los Principios Rectores sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, adoptados en 2011. Redactados por el profesor de Harvard John Ruggie, ofrecen una gu\u00eda muy \u00fatil sobre las obligaciones de los estados y las empresas.<br \/>\nAunque no son un tratado, los Principios son un avance importante hacia la fijaci\u00f3n de est\u00e1ndares y procedimientos que \u2013con la participaci\u00f3n de los estados, las comunidades afectadas, las empresas y las ONG\u2014 pueden evitar violaciones de derechos humanos, y sancionarlas cuando ocurran. Para continuar la tarea, la misma ONU nombr\u00f3 a un Grupo de Trabajo compuesto por cinco miembros, entre ellos la experta colombiana Alexandra Gu\u00e1queta, exdirectora de Est\u00e1ndares Sociales de Cerrej\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>De ah\u00ed la importancia del evento en Medell\u00edn. Y las preocupaciones que surgen por lo que all\u00ed pas\u00f3. En lugar de un di\u00e1logo equilibrado entre todos los afectados, la consulta organizada por el Grupo de Trabajo y el gobierno colombiano resalt\u00f3 las voces de las empresas y dej\u00f3 muy poco espacio para las comunidades afectadas y las ONG que trabajan con ellas. Entre los 47 panelistas, el 43% ven\u00eda de empresas o firmas de consultor\u00eda corporativa, mientras que s\u00f3lo el 10% ven\u00eda de comunidades u ONG de derechos humanos. Un 26% proven\u00eda de gobiernos de la regi\u00f3n y un 21% de la ONU. Junto con el formato del evento, que permit\u00eda ignorar las preguntas dif\u00edciles para las empresas, el desbalance confirma la preocupaci\u00f3n sobre la parcialidad del Grupo de Trabajo, que ya hab\u00eda sido evidente en la consulta global que hab\u00eda organizado en Ginebra en 2012.<br \/>\nSer\u00eda lamentable que el Grupo de Trabajo, dise\u00f1ado para fortalecer los principios de la ONU, les resten credibilidad. Ojal\u00e1 no ocurra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How does Chiquita respond in Colombia for the victims of illegal armed groups that the multinational would helped  to finance?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1773,6465],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-internationalization","category-noticias-internacional-en","subcategory-globalization","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Companies and human rights - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Companies and human rights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How does Chiquita respond in Colombia for the victims of illegal armed groups that the multinational would helped to finance?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dejusticia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-09-10T05:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-04-11T13:01:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@dejusticia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez Garavito\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e11b9e1e64bff54675fcc20f712051d0\"},\"headline\":\"Companies and human rights\",\"datePublished\":\"2013-09-10T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-04-11T13:01:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\"},\"wordCount\":619,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Area-Global South &amp; North Collaborations (Internationalization)\",\"Noticias Internacional\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2013\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/empresas-y-derechos-humanos\/\",\"name\":\"Companies and human rights - 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