{"id":28151,"date":"2013-09-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-09-14T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/the-970-and-the-future-of-seeds\/"},"modified":"2013-09-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-09-14T05:00:00","slug":"the-970-and-the-future-of-seeds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/the-970-and-the-future-of-seeds\/","title":{"rendered":"The 970 and the future of seeds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El paro agrario y el documental 9.70  en el que funcionarios del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) son filmados destruyendo 62 toneladas de arroz en el Huila, cumpliendo con la resoluci\u00f3n 970 de 2010, han puesto el tema de las semillas en el centro del debate p\u00fablico. La principal discusi\u00f3n ha girado en torno a c\u00f3mo la 970 regula la producci\u00f3n, el uso y la comercializaci\u00f3n de semillas en Colombia. El Gobierno la ha defendido a ultranza, tildado de inexacto e infundado lo que muestra el documental y argumentan los campesinos. Pero en lugar de desgastarse rechazando y defendi\u00e9ndose de las cr\u00edticas que resultaron ciertas, deber\u00eda reconocer el error y avanzar hacia una soluci\u00f3n que el mismo Gobierno parece estar pensando. <\/p>\n<p>Como parte de los acuerdos celebrados entre campesinos y el Gobierno la semana pasada, el Gobierno prometi\u00f3 congelar la aplicaci\u00f3n de la resoluci\u00f3n 970 para las semillas nacionales. Aunque a primera vista esto puede verse como una forma de acatar los reclamos de los campesinos y la sociedad civil, no es claro c\u00f3mo tal restricci\u00f3n resuelve los dos temas pol\u00e9micos. Por un lado,  si es legal el uso de semillas locales o criollas; es decir, las que han sido tradicionalmente utilizadas por campesinos  y que se diferencian de las certificadas, que son las producidas por grandes empresas nacionales o extranjeras.  Por el otro lado, si pueden los agricultores guardar parte de su cosecha para usarla como semilla en una futura siembra, una pr\u00e1ctica tradicional que en los ultimos a\u00f1os ha sido perseguida.<\/p>\n<p>Actualmente, la resoluci\u00f3n 970 obliga a los agricultores a almacenar, comercializar, y usar \u201csolo semilla legal\u201d.  Aunque no define explicitamente qu\u00e9 es una semilla legal, del art\u00edculo 15 se deduce que las semillas legales son las certificadas y registradas.  Lo que significa que usar o comercializar las semillas locales es ilegal.   No en vano, en un comunicado publicado poco despu\u00e9s de la resoluci\u00f3n, el ICA aclar\u00f3 que  \u201cLa normatividad busca ponerle tatequieto a la llamada semilla de costal y a las de contrabando\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Con respecto a la reserva, la 970 permite a los agricultores guardar parte de su propia cosecha para usarla como semilla en una siembra futura, siempre y cuando (i) se trate de un agricultor con una extensi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima de 5 hect\u00e1reas (es decir, un peque\u00f1o agricultor); (ii) la semilla provenga de una cosecha en que se haya usado una semilla legal; y (iii) se use solo para el consumo propio, no para comercializar.  Esto significa nuevamente que todos est\u00e1n obligados a usar semilla certificada y que la reserva es un privilegio \u00fanicamente de los peque\u00f1os agricultores y bajo condiciones estrictas.<\/p>\n<p>Los funcionarios del ICA han rechazado este an\u00e1lisis, tildando de desinformado el video y los reclamos. Y recientemente han vuelto a decir que la resoluci\u00f3n en ning\u00fan momento proh\u00edbe el uso de semillas locales y que es falso que no proh\u00edba reservar parte de la cosecha.<\/p>\n<p>Pero a finales de agosto, pocos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s de iniciado el paro, en la p\u00e1gina web del ICA apareci\u00f3 colgada para consulta p\u00fablica una propuesta de resoluci\u00f3n que modifica la 970, pero que ha pasado sorprendentemente desapercibida. <\/p>\n<p>Parad\u00f3jicamente, los cambios que propone le dan la raz\u00f3n a los problemas que el documental, los campesinos y el an\u00e1lisis anterior resaltan.  Primero, desaparece por completo el t\u00e9rmino \u201csemilla legal.\u201d  Segundo,  aclara expl\u00edcitamente que tal resoluci\u00f3n no aplica para semillas locales y reconoce su uso por comunidades locales.  Tercero, permite reservar la cosecha unicamente al peque\u00f1o agricultor, pero no le exige que provenga de una cosecha con semilla certificada.<\/p>\n<p>La propuesta de resoluci\u00f3n no resuelve todos los reclamos.  Pero ahora que el Gobierno prometi\u00f3 sentarse con los agricultores a analizar el tema de las semillas, bien har\u00eda dejando de defender la 970.<\/p>\n<p>En lugar de ello, deber\u00eda avanzar con la nueva propuesta de resoluci\u00f3n que ya tiene redactada y que gira en la direcci\u00f3n que piden los campesinos y la sociedad civil en nombre de la seguridad alimentaria y la biodiversidad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The agrarian strike and the documentary 9.70, in which ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute) officers are filmed destroying 62 tons of rice in the state of Huila to comply with Resolution 970 of 2010, have placed the issue of seeds in the center of public debate. The principal discussion has revolved around how 970 regulates the production, use and commercialization of seeds in Colombia. The Government has decisively defended the resolution, pointing out that the documentary is inaccurate and ungrounded. But rather than wearing itself down by denying the existence of a problem and defending itself from the critics, some of which have been proved to be true, the Government should recognize the mistake and make progress toward the solution that it has already been thinking about.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1605],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economic-justice","medium-la-silla-vacia-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The 970 and the future of seeds - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/la-970-y-el-futuro-de-las-semillas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 970 and the future of seeds\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The agrarian strike and the documentary 9.70, in which ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute) officers are filmed destroying 62 tons of rice in the state of Huila to comply with Resolution 970 of 2010, have placed the issue of seeds in the center of public debate. 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