{"id":28261,"date":"2013-12-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-06T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/they-have-the-right-but-its-forbidden\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:03:55","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T13:03:55","slug":"they-have-the-right-but-its-forbidden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/they-have-the-right-but-its-forbidden\/","title":{"rendered":"They Have the Right, but It&#8217;s Forbidden"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Decir que Colombia es un Estado pluri\u00e9tnico y multicultural significa reconocer los derechos de las comunidades ind\u00edgenas y afrodescendientes a la autonom\u00eda, la cultura y al territorio. <\/p>\n<p>Para lograrlo, es necesario renunciar a la tentaci\u00f3n de negar el proyecto de vida de estos pueblos s\u00f3lo para imponer leyes de la sociedad mayoritaria, sea cual sea su contenido o sus efectos. Aunque el Estado ha hecho grandes avances en este tema, dos decisiones recientes demuestran que a\u00fan existen asuntos en los que el Estado reconoce los derechos de ind\u00edgenas y afros, pero concluye que la ley impide su ejercicio. <\/p>\n<p>La primera es que en los \u00faltimos meses las autoridades de Polic\u00eda han decidido incautar en algunas ciudades los productos elaborados con hoja de coca por una marca reconocida, propiedad de miembros de la comunidad Nasa de Tierradentro. Siguiendo lo ordenado en una circular del INVIMA, afirman que los ind\u00edgenas est\u00e1n autorizados para producir estos productos, pero s\u00f3lo dentro de sus territorios. En otras palabras, tienen derecho a comercializar t\u00e9 y galletas elaboradas con hoja de coca pero s\u00f3lo al interior de la comunidad, en donde los ind\u00edgenas ya consumen hoja de coca sin comprarla. Afuera, est\u00e1 prohibido. <\/p>\n<p>La segunda es que en las discusiones recientes sobre el plan de manejo del Parque Natural Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, las autoridades ambientales han informado que los afro que viven cerca o dentro del \u00e1rea del parque y que trabajan como pescadores, tienen derecho a continuar con su pr\u00e1ctica ancestral de pesca s\u00f3lo si se limita a las actividades de pancoger. <\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan la regulaci\u00f3n de los parques y el Estatuto de Pesca, cualquier tipo de explotaci\u00f3n en una escala mayor afecta la conservaci\u00f3n del \u00e1rea marina. Como no se ofrece ning\u00fan tipo de alternativa para el trabajo y alimentaci\u00f3n de estas comunidades, esto significa que tienen derecho a ejercer su pr\u00e1ctica ancestral, pero de all\u00ed no pueden derivar su sustento. Trabajar en ello est\u00e1 prohibido. <\/p>\n<p>En ambas situaciones las autoridades dicen reconocer los derechos de las comunidades. Sin embargo, pr\u00e1cticamente los anulan. \u00bfTiene sentido vender galletas de hoja de coca a una comunidad acostumbrada a consumir la hoja sin comprarla? \u00bfTiene sentido practicar la pesca s\u00f3lo de subsistencia, si de esta actividad no se puede obtener el dinero para comprar el aceite para fritar el pescado o la gasolina de la lancha para volver a casa?  En fin, \u00bfpara qu\u00e9 tener estos derechos si el \u00fanico ejercicio permitido por la ley es el que pens\u00f3 la sociedad mayoritaria?<\/p>\n<p>No es que los prop\u00f3sitos que el Estado persigue con esas leyes carezcan de valor. La garant\u00eda de la salubridad p\u00fablica en materia de procesamiento de alimentos y la protecci\u00f3n de las \u00e1reas de reserva natural son dos fines loables y, por eso, la Constituci\u00f3n los ampara. <\/p>\n<p>Es m\u00e1s, es innegable que las leyes involucradas en el segundo caso tienden a proteger un ecosistema fr\u00e1gil como el de corales y su ausencia podr\u00eda hacer que todos salgamos perdiendo. No se trata entonces de que no se apliquen. <\/p>\n<p>Lo que ocurre es que la Constituci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n dispone la protecci\u00f3n y reconocimiento de estas comunidades. Por eso, concluir que deben ser prohibidas totalmente las actividades de los ind\u00edgenas y afros cuyos fines no se enmarcan en los estrictos l\u00edmites del territorio o no se dirigen de forma estricta a la subsistencia de los individuos y de la comunidad, con tal de lograr la aplicaci\u00f3n irrestricta de la ley, no parece acertado. <\/p>\n<p>Es necesario que las autoridades estatales escuchen a las comunidades \u00e9tnicas y busquen opciones m\u00e1s ponderadas que ajusten a las exigencias que plantea la diversidad \u00e9tnica estas normas donde se despliega solo la visi\u00f3n de la mayor\u00eda sobre una problem\u00e1tica. A las formas de trabajo y a las \u201cpr\u00e1cticas ancestrales\u201d que necesariamente van cambiando con el tiempo. A las necesidades actuales del pa\u00eds y a las necesidades de los ind\u00edgenas y afros. <\/p>\n<p>Como seguramente lo advirtieron en los dos casos, por la naturaleza de los temas y los intereses en juego no se trata de asuntos f\u00e1ciles que se resuelvan de una misma forma. Pero intentarlo es mejor que jactarse de tener una Constituci\u00f3n multicultural que establece muchos derechos, al tiempo que se instala una versi\u00f3n tan limitada de su pr\u00e1ctica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The government recognizes certain rights of the indigenous peoples of the Cauca and of the Afro-Colombians in the islands of the Caribbean. But at the same time, they are enforcing laws that forbid the exercise of these rights.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":54,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1613],"tags":[1931,1803,2256,1875,1846,1902,2220,1074],"class_list":["post-28261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anti-discrimination","tag-afrocolombianos","tag-colombia","tag-constitucion","tag-constitucion-de-1991","tag-discriminacion","tag-pueblos-indigenas","tag-raza","tag-segregacion","subcategory-racial-discrimination","medium-semana-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>They Have the Right, but It&#039;s Forbidden - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/they-have-the-right-but-its-forbidden\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"They Have the Right, but It&#039;s Forbidden\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The government recognizes certain rights of the indigenous peoples of the Cauca and of the Afro-Colombians in the islands of the Caribbean. 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