{"id":28339,"date":"2014-01-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-01-28T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/friends-of-the-tutela-writ\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:11:51","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T13:11:51","slug":"friends-of-the-tutela-writ","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/friends-of-the-tutela-writ\/","title":{"rendered":"Friends of the &#8220;Tutela&#8221; Writ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Apenas hab\u00edan pasado dos meses desde la expedici\u00f3n de la Constituci\u00f3n de 1991 cuando Fernando Londo\u00f1o, sintetizando el malestar de los defensores del viejo derecho, sentenci\u00f3: \u201cCuando alguien decida hacer algo serio para rescatar a Colombia del abismo al que ha sido arrojada, no podr\u00e1 soslayar el ineludible desaf\u00edo de romper en mil pedazos ese traje de arlequ\u00edn que costureros tan ineptos tejieron en las deplorables jornadas del primer semestre de 1991\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Para los cr\u00edticos, la tutela era el parche m\u00e1s visible del nuevo traje, la s\u00edntesis de los males que ve\u00edan en el nuevo orden. Trastocaba las jerarqu\u00edas porque cualquiera pod\u00eda usarla: los estudiantes contra colegios autoritarios, las mujeres contra parejas abusadoras, los desplazados contra funcionarios indiferentes. Democratizaba la justicia porque no requer\u00eda formalidades ni abogado. Y era eficaz: en cuesti\u00f3n de diez d\u00edas los jueces ten\u00edan que resolver disputas que de otra manera se habr\u00edan enredado a\u00f1os. <\/p>\n<p>Por eso sus detractores, comenzando por Londo\u00f1o, hicieron lo posible por desmantelarla. Como se recordar\u00e1, el recorte de la tutela era pieza central de las reformas a la justicia que present\u00f3 el entonces ministro del Interior durante el gobierno Uribe. <\/p>\n<p>Pero la tutela encabezaba las opiniones favorables de los colombianos en las encuestas. De ah\u00ed que los congresistas no se atrevieran a reformarla, mientras que los jueces segu\u00edan resolviendo los miles de problemas cotidianos que los ciudadanos han convertido en tutelas para reclamar sus derechos. <\/p>\n<p>Con el uso, exist\u00eda el riesgo de abuso. Al igual que cualquier instituci\u00f3n, la tutela estaba expuesta a saboteos, como los que multiplicaron los problemas del sistema de salud y terminaron en los juzgados. Como los gobiernos no enmendaban los evidentes problemas de ineficiencia y corrupci\u00f3n del sistema, la tutela fue la \u00fanica v\u00eda que encontraron los ciudadanos para exigir su derecho a la salud. La situaci\u00f3n fue aprovechada por un buen n\u00famero de EPS y farmac\u00e9uticas para abusar de la tutela. Por ejemplo, las EPS negaban un medicamento o un tratamiento esencial y le suger\u00edan al paciente que presentara una tutela, para luego cobrarle el servicio al Estado a precios exorbitantes. Eso ayuda a explicar que cerca del 40% de las tutelas tengan que ver con salud y que los pagos del Estado a las EPS por ese concepto se hubieran disparado.<\/p>\n<p> El abuso que prendi\u00f3 de nuevo el debate es la \u201ctutelat\u00f3n\u201d a favor del alcalde Petro. Como lo dec\u00eda en la columna anterior, es una estrategia que, aunque legal y basada en una violaci\u00f3n real de derechos pol\u00edticos, desnaturaliza y desgasta la tutela. Sus gestores pudieron prever el caos actual de cientos de sentencias, algunas contradictorias entre s\u00ed. No hac\u00eda falta interponer 800 demandas para controvertir la decisi\u00f3n desproporcionada del procurador. <\/p>\n<p>Lo parad\u00f3jico es que algunos de los defensores m\u00e1s sinceros de la tutela han terminado justificando los abusos que la tienen en entredicho. Por ejemplo, el senador Robledo critica la reforma a la salud que cursa en el Congreso por ser un \u201cataque a la tutela\u201d, olvidando que el statu quo les conviene m\u00e1s a las EPS que a los pacientes y a la tutela misma. Y el alcalde Petro sali\u00f3 en defensa de la infortunada tutelat\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Con ayuda de sus amigos, la tutela ve crecer las voces de sus enemigos. En lugar de debilitarla, hay que reforzarla y protegerla de los abusos de unos y otros.<\/p>\n<p>Consulte la publicaci\u00f3n original, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/amigos-de-tutela-columna-471251\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/amigos-de-tutela-columna-471251\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A mistaken defense of the &#8220;tutela&#8221; write is leading to the reform that many critics of this vital tool to protect citizens rights have sought.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1609],"tags":[1803,1818,1899,2298,1813,2252],"class_list":["post-28339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rule-of-law","tag-colombia","tag-corte-constitucional","tag-derechos-fundamentales","tag-estado-de-derecho","tag-guardianships","tag-reforma-a-la-justicia","subcategory-public-policies","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Friends of the &quot;Tutela&quot; 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